{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T05:49:13Z","timestamp":1772171353206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41601488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41601488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20160469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20160469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mobile LiDAR Scanning (MLS) systems and UAV LiDAR Scanning (ULS) systems equipped with precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)\/Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioning units and LiDAR sensors are used at an increasing rate for the acquisition of high density and high accuracy point clouds because of their safety and efficiency. Without careful calibration of the boresight angles of the MLS systems and ULS systems, the accuracy of data acquired would degrade severely. This paper proposes an automatic boresight self-calibration method for the MLS systems and ULS systems using acquired multi-strip point clouds. The boresight angles of MLS systems and ULS systems are expressed in the direct geo-referencing equation and corrected by minimizing the misalignments between points scanned from different directions and different strips. Two datasets scanned by MLS systems and two datasets scanned by ULS systems were used to verify the proposed boresight calibration method. The experimental results show that the root mean square errors (RMSE) of misalignments between point correspondences of the four datasets after boresight calibration are 2.1 cm, 3.4 cm, 5.4 cm, and 6.1 cm, respectively, which are reduced by 59.6%, 75.4%, 78.0%, and 94.8% compared with those before boresight calibration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11040442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Rigorous Boresight Self-Calibration of Mobile and UAV LiDAR Scanning Systems by Strip Adjustment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Hydraulic, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Jiangyang Middle Road 131, Yangzhou 225127, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junxiang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Erxianqiao Dongsan Road 1, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129, Wuhan 430079, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2013.03.006","article-title":"Review of mobile mapping and surveying technologies","volume":"46","author":"Puente","year":"2013","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(99)00016-7","article-title":"Airborne laser scanning: Existing systems and firms and other resources","volume":"54","author":"Baltsavias","year":"1999","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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