{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:18:00Z","timestamp":1773116280290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC0407405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC0407405"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Colleges and Universities","award":["19A170014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A170014"]}]},{"name":"the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","award":["IWHR-SKL-201701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IWHR-SKL-201701"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51779093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51779093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and technology project of Guizhou Province Water Resources Department","award":["KT201705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KT201705"]}]},{"name":"the UK National Environment Research Council (NERC) through the Drier-China project","award":["NE\/P015484\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/P015484\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The traditional station-based drought index is vulnerable because of the inadequate spatial distribution of the station, and also, it does not fully reflect large-scale, dynamic drought information. Thus, large-scale drought monitoring has been widely implemented by using remote sensing precipitation products. Compared with station data, remote sensing precipitation products have the advantages of wide coverage and dynamic, continuous data, which can effectively compensate for the deficiency in the spatial distribution of the ground stations and provide a new data source for the calculation of a drought index. In this study, the Gridded Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (GSPEI) was proposed based on a remote sensing dataset produced by the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), in order to evaluate the gridded drought characteristics in the Yellow River basin (YRB) from 1998 to 2016. The optimal Ordinary Kriging interpolation method was selected to interpolate meteorological station data to the same spatial resolution as CMORPH data (8 km), in order to compare the ground-based meteorological parameters to remote sensing-based data. Additionally, the gridded drought trends were identified based on the Modified Mann\u2013Kendall (MMK) trend test method. The results indicated that: (1) the GSPEI was suitable for drought evaluation in the YRB using CMORPH precipitation data, which were consistent with ground-based meteorological data; (2) the positive correlation between GSPEI and SPEI was high, and all the correlation coefficients (CCs) passed the significance test of \u03b1 = 0.05, which indicated that the GSPEI could better reflect the gridded drought characteristics of the YRB; (3) the drought severity in each season of the YRB was highest in summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter, with an average GSPEI of \u22121.51, \u22120.09, 0.30, and 1.33, respectively; and (4) the drought showed an increasing trend on the monthly scale in March, May, August, and October, and a decreasing trend on the seasonal and annual scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T11:41:03Z","timestamp":1551267663000},"page":"485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Drought Evaluation with CMORPH Satellite Precipitation Data in the Yellow River Basin by Using Gridded Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Zongmin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}]},{"given":"Zezhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.02.200","article-title":"Multi\u2013scale assessments of droughts: A case study in Xinjiang, China","volume":"630","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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