{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:40:47Z","timestamp":1771472447647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains, Ministry of Land and Resources (Fujian Key Laboratory Of Geohazard Prevention)","award":["FJKLGH2017K001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJKLGH2017K001"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation Leading Talent Project of Central South University","award":["506030101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506030101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) techniques have been widely used in open-pit mine applications. It is a crucial task to measure the exploitative volume of open-pit mines, within a specific time interval. One major challenge is posed, however, when conducting accurate registrations for temporal TLS surveys in continuously changing areas, created by excavation activities. In this paper, we propose a coarse-to-fine registration method, based on terrain-invariant regions (TIR), for temporal TLS surveys. More specifically, an approximate four-point congruent set (4PCS) of temporal TLS surveys is first identified, based on affine invariant rules. Second, a set of correspondences among temporal TLS surveys were collected by matching multi-scale sparse features of the 3D neighbors, centered at the approximate 4PCS. Third, the correspondences were used to estimate a rigid motion between the overlapping TLS surveys for the coarse registration, according to which the initial TIR from temporal TLS surveys were identified. Finally, the rigid motion between temporal TLS was iteratively optimized, based on the point clouds, only from the TIR. Based on the fine-level registered TLS surveys, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) can be generated to calculate the exploitative volume, through a DEM differential. We applied the proposed method to two open-pit mines in China, and also compared our method with five state-of-the-art methods for registering temporal TLS surveys. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method achieved a higher registration accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods. Based on the registered result, our method achieved a 98.03% overall accuracy for measuring the exploitative volume, compared to in-situ measurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11060606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T04:15:29Z","timestamp":1552536929000},"page":"606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Registration of Terrestrial Laser Scanning Surveys Using Terrain-Invariant Regions for Measuring Exploitative Volumes over Open-Pit Mines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains, Ministry of Land and Resources (Fujian Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention), Fuzhou 350002, China"}]},{"given":"Ershuai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5860-3371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China"}]},{"given":"Shanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources &amp; Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]},{"given":"Yachun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources &amp; Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-018-7383-9","article-title":"Open-pit mine geomorphic changes analysis using multi-temporal UAV survey","volume":"77","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. 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