{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:46:51Z","timestamp":1782190011704,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41875094, 41561124014, 41375099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875094, 41561124014, 41375099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0603701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0603701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various state-of-the-art gridded satellite precipitation products (GPPs) have been derived from remote sensing and reanalysis data and are widely used in hydrological studies. An assessment of these GPPs against in-situ observations is necessary to determine their respective strengths and uncertainties. GPPs developed from satellite observations as a primary source were compared to in-situ observations, namely the Climate Hazard group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA). These products were compared to in-situ data from 51 stations, spanning 1998\u20132016, across Pakistan on daily, monthly, annual and interannual time scales. Spatiotemporal climatology was well captured by all products, with more precipitation in the north eastern parts during the monsoon months and vice-versa. Daily precipitation with amount larger than 10 mm showed significant (95%, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) agreement with the in-situ data, especially TMPA, followed by CHIRPS and MSWEP. At monthly scales, there were significant correlations (R) between the GPPs and in-situ records, suggesting similar dynamics; however, statistical metrics suggested that the performance of these products varies from north towards south. Temporal agreement on an interannual scale was higher in the central and southern parts which followed precipitation seasonality. TMPA performed the best, followed in order by CHIRPS, MSWEP and PERSIANN-CDR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11060628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1552623129000},"page":"628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Comparing Multiple Precipitation Products against In-Situ Observations over Different Climate Regions of Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0626-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waheed","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guojie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gohar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Meteorological Department, P.O. Box 44000, Sector H-8\/2, Islamabad 45710, Pakistan"},{"name":"School of Atmospheric physics, Nanjing University of Information Science &amp; Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3501-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Fiifi","family":"Tawia Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asher Samuel","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Department of Geology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, P.O. Box 20, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huffman, G.J., Adler, R.F., Bolvin, D.T., and Nelkin, E.J. (2010). The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). 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