{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:35:23Z","timestamp":1760240123861,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The high temporal resolution of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument aboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) provides the opportunity to investigate eruptive processes and discriminate different styles of volcanic activity. To this goal, a new detection method based on the wavelet transform of SEVIRI infrared data is proposed. A statistical analysis is performed on wavelet smoothed data derived from SEVIRI Mid-Infrared( MIR) radiances collected from 2011 to 2017 on Mt Etna (Italy) volcano. Time-series analysis of the kurtosis of the radiance distribution allows for reliable hot-spot detection and precise timing of the start and end of eruptive events. Combined kurtosis and gradient trends allow for discrimination of the different activity styles of the volcano, from effusive lava flow, through Strombolian explosions, to paroxysmal fountaining. The same data also allow for the prediction, at the onset of an eruption, of what will be its dominant eruptive style at later stages. The results obtained have been validated against ground-based and literature data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11060669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1552997545000},"page":"669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Eruptive Styles Recognition Using High Temporal Resolution Geostationary Infrared Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Musacchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6519-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malvina","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0516-3699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Taddeucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Roma, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganci, G., Vicari, A., Fortuna, L., and Del Negro, C. (2011). The HOTSAT volcano monitoring system based on combined use of SEVIRI and MODIS multispectral data. Ann. Geophys., 54.","DOI":"10.4401\/ag-5338"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L06305","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL051026","article-title":"A year of lava fountaining at Etna: Volumes from SEVIRI","volume":"39","author":"Ganci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.02.014","article-title":"Assessment and improvement of a robust satellite technique (RST) for thermal monitoring of volcanoes","volume":"115","author":"Marchese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corradini, S., Guerrieri, L., Lombardo, V., Merucci, L., Musacchio, M., Prestifilippo, M., Scollo, S., Silvestri, M., Spata, G., and Stelitano, D. (2018). Proximal Monitoring of the 2011\u20132015 Etna Lava Fountains Using MSG-SEVIRI Data. Geosciences, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences8040140"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1080\/014311601300074487","article-title":"Automated, high temporal resolution, thermal analysis of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using GOES satellite data","volume":"22","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2003.12.008","article-title":"MODVOLC: Near-real-time thermal monitoring of global volcanism","volume":"135","author":"Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Colin, O., Rubio, M., Landart, P., and Mathot, E. (2007, January 23\u201327). VoMIR: Over 300 Volcanoes Monitored in Near Real-Time by AATSR. Proceedings of the Envisat Symposium 2007, Montreux, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2000)28<755:TMONPV>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Thermal monitoring of North Pacific volcanoes from space","volume":"28","author":"Dehn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-002-0227-0","article-title":"Thermal precurs in satellite images of the 1999 eruption Shishaldin Volcano","volume":"64","author":"Dehn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"B02210","article-title":"Numerical modeling of lava flow cooling applied to the 1997 Okmok eruption, II: Comparison with AVHRR thermal imagery","volume":"110","author":"Patrick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160802168301","article-title":"Experiences from near-real-time satellite-based volcano monitoring in Central America: Case studies at Fuego, Guatemala","volume":"29","author":"Webley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.07.010","article-title":"Automated detection of thermal features of active volcanoes by means of Infrared AVHRR records","volume":"93","author":"Pergola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s004450050174","article-title":"Low cost volcano surveillance from space: Case studies from Etna, Krafla, Cerro Negro, Fogo, Lascar and Erebus","volume":"59","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7985","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB03388","article-title":"A chronology of the 1991 to 1993 Mount Etna eruption using advanced very high resolution radiometer data: Implications for real-time thermal volcano monitoring","volume":"102","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(97)00087-4","article-title":"Time series analysis of effusive volcanic activity using the ERS along track scanning radiometer: The 1995 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos Island","volume":"69","author":"Wooster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corradini, S., Montopoli, M., Guerrieri, L., Ricci, M., Scollo, S., Merucci, L., Marzano, F.S., Pugnaghi, S., Prestifilippo, M., and Ventress, L.J. (2016). Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain. Remote. Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8010058"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Musacchio, M., Silvestri, M., and Buongiorno, M.F. (2011, January 5\u20139). Use of radiance value from MSG SEVIRI and MTSAT data: Application for the monitoring on volcanic area. Proceedings of the 2011 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Oslo, Norway."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Musacchio, M., Silvestri, M., and Buongiorno, M.F. (2012, January 21\u201324). RT Monitoring of active volcanoes: MT Etna. Proceedings of the SeaSpace International Remote Sensing Conference, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ripepe, M., Marchetti, E., Delle Donne, D., Genco, R., Innocenti, L., Lacanna, G., and Valade, S. (2018). Infrasonic early warning system for explosive eruptions. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 123.","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JB015561"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2013.11.012","article-title":"The 2011\u20132012 summit activity of Mount Etna: Birth, growth and products of the new SE crater","volume":"270","author":"Behncke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2015.07.021","article-title":"The continuing story of Etna\u2019s New Southeast Crater (2012\u20132014): Evolution and volume calculations based on field surveys and aerophotogrammetry","volume":"303","author":"Behncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.016","article-title":"Evolution of the 2011 Mt. Etna ash and SO2 lava fountain episodes using SEVIRI data and VPR retrieval approach","volume":"291","author":"Guerrieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5679","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JB013191","article-title":"Mass discharge rate retrieval combining weather radar and thermal camera observations","volume":"121","author":"Vulpiani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.018","article-title":"Monitoring the December 2015 summit eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy): Implications on eruptive dynamics","volume":"341","author":"Corsaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2019, January 01). Volcano Descovery, Etna Volcano\u2014Eruption Update Archive\u2014Part 11. Available online: https:\/\/www.volcanodiscovery.com\/etna\/current-activity-part-11.html."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"67","article-title":"Melting experiment on Mr. Etna lavas: I-The calibration of an empirical geothermometer to estimate the eruptive temperature","volume":"10","author":"Pompilio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Vulcanol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, A.J.L. (2013). Thermal Remote Sensing of Active Volcanoes: A User\u2019s Manual, Cambridge Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139029346"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00426718","article-title":"The optimal image addition using the wavelet transform","volume":"1","author":"Bijaoui","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Astron."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1109\/34.192463","article-title":"A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: The wavelet representation","volume":"11","author":"Mallat","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1144\/SP426.18","article-title":"AVHotRR: Near-real time routine for volcano monitoring using IR satellite data","volume":"426","author":"Lombardo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2019, January 01). Volcano Descovery, Etna Volcano Activity Updates: December 2013. Available online: https:\/\/www.volcanodiscovery.com\/etna\/eruption-updates\/december2013.html."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00445-016-1009-4","article-title":"On the transition from strombolian to fountaining activity: A thermal energy-based driver","volume":"78","author":"Bombrun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2019, January 01). INGV Etnean Observatory, The 16 March 2013 Paroxysm of Etna. Available online: http:\/\/www.ct.ingv.it\/en\/11-notizie\/news\/861-the-16-march-2013-paroxysm-of-etna.html."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/6\/669\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:39:07Z","timestamp":1760186347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/6\/669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11060669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11060669","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]}}}