{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T10:41:45Z","timestamp":1768992105420,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUHK 14601515, CUHK 14635916 and CUHK 14605917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUHK 14601515, CUHK 14635916 and CUHK 14605917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41401370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41401370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Philippines is rich in mangrove forests, containing 50% of the total mangrove species of the world. However, the vast mangrove areas of the country have declined to about half of its cover in the past century. In the 1970s, action was taken to protect the remaining mangrove forests under a government initiative, recognizing the ecological benefits mangrove forests can bring. Here, we examine two mangrove areas in the Philippines\u2014Coron in Palawan and Balangiga-Lawaan in Eastern Samar over a 30-year period. Sets of Landsat images from 1987 to 2016 were classified and spatially analyzed using four landscape metrics. Additional analyses of the mangrove areas\u2019 spatiotemporal dynamics were conducted. The impact of typhoon landfall on the mangrove areas was also analyzed in a qualitative manner. Spatiotemporal changes indicate that both the Coron and Balangiga-Lawaan mangrove forests, though declared as protected areas, are still suffering from mangrove area loss. Mangrove areal shrinkage and expansion can be attributed to both typhoon occurrence and management practices. Overall, our study reveals which mangrove forests need more responsive action, and provides a different perspective in understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of these mangrove areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11060688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1553497012000},"page":"688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The Mangrove Forests Change and Impacts from Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines Using Time Series Satellite Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mary Joy C.","family":"Buitre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T. 999077, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD), DOST Compound, Taguig 1631, Philippines"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6135-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T. 999077, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133310385371","article-title":"Satellite remote sensing of mangrove forests: Recent advances and future opportunities","volume":"35","author":"Heumann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. 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