{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:47:22Z","timestamp":1776113242933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41807170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41807170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2017BD021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2017BD021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate estimation of high-resolution satellite precipitation products like Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is critical for hydrological and meteorological research, providing a benchmark for the continued development and future improvement of these products. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) and TRMM 3B42V7 products at multiple temporal scales from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 over the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China, using daily precipitation data from 59 meteorological stations. Three commonly used statistical metrics (CC, RB, and RMSE) are adopted to quantitatively verify the accuracy of two satellite precipitation products. The assessment also takes into account the precipitation detection capability (POD, FAR, CSI, and ACC) and frequency of different precipitation intensities. The results show that the IMERG and 3B42V7 present strong correlation with meteorological stations observations at annual and monthly scales (CC &gt; 0.90), whereas moderate at the daily scale (CC = 0.76 and 0.69 for IMERG and 3B42V7, respectively). The spatial variability of the annual and seasonal precipitation is well captured by these two satellite products. And spatial patterns of precipitation gradually decrease from south to north over the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Both IMERG and 3B42V7 products overestimate precipitation compared with the station observations, of which 3B42V7 has a lower degree of overestimation. Relative to the IMERG, annual precipitation estimates from 3B42V7 show lower RMSE (118.96 mm and 142.67 mm, respectively), but opposite at the daily, monthly, and seasonal scales. IMERG has a better precipitation detection capability than 3B42V7 (POD = 0.83 and 0.67, respectively), especially when detecting trace and solid precipitation. The two precipitation products tend to overestimate moderate (2\u201310 mm\/d) and heavy (10\u201350 mm\/d) precipitation events, but underestimate violent (&gt;50 mm\/d) precipitation events. The IMERG is not found capable to detecting precipitation events of different frequencies more precisely. In general, the accuracy of IMERG is better than 3B42V7 product in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The IMERG satellite precipitation product with higher temporal and spatial resolutions can be regarded a reliable data sources in studying hydrological and climatic research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11060697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1553497012000},"page":"697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Systematical Evaluation of GPM IMERG and TRMM 3B42V7 Precipitation Products in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fenglin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7886-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qia","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huining","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1817-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204994","article-title":"Anthropogenic aerosols and the weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon","volume":"334","author":"Bollasina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-012-0912-7","article-title":"Spatial distribution and temporal trends in potential evapotranspiration over Hengduan Mountains region from 1960 to 2009","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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