{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:57:28Z","timestamp":1774641448367,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although a detailed analysis of land use and land cover (LULC) change is essential in providing a greater understanding of increased human-environment interactions across the coastal region of Bangladesh, substantial challenges still exist for accurately classifying coastal LULC. This is due to the existence of high-level landscape heterogeneity and unavailability of good quality remotely sensed data. This study, the first of a kind, implemented a unique methodological approach to this challenge. Using freely available Landsat imagery, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)-based informative feature selection and Random Forest classification is used to elucidate spatio-temporal patterns of LULC across coastal areas over a 28-year period (1990\u20132017). We show that the XGBoost feature selection approach effectively addresses the issue of high landscape heterogeneity and spectral complexities in the image data, successfully augmenting the RF model performance (providing a mean user\u2019s accuracy &gt; 0.82). Multi-temporal LULC maps reveal that Bangladesh\u2019s coastal areas experienced a net increase in agricultural land (5.44%), built-up (4.91%) and river (4.52%) areas over the past 28 years. While vegetation cover experienced a net decrease (8.26%), an increasing vegetation trend was observed in the years since 2000, primarily due to the Bangladesh government\u2019s afforestation initiatives across the southern coastal belts. These findings provide a comprehensive picture of coastal LULC patterns, which will be useful for policy makers and resource managers to incorporate into coastal land use and environmental management practices. This work also provides useful methodological insights for future research to effectively address the spatial and spectral complexities of remotely sensed data used in classifying the LULC of a heterogeneous landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11070790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T03:39:28Z","timestamp":1554262768000},"page":"790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":261,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Land Use\/Land Cover Change in the Heterogeneous Coastal Region of Bangladesh between 1990 and 2017"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8641-990X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Yousuf Md","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Systems, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arif","family":"Masrur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GeoVISTA Center, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK"}]},{"given":"Md. Abdullah Al","family":"Baky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quazi K.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Dewan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11273-016-9500-4","article-title":"Land use and land cover change analysis in predominantly man-made coastal wetlands: Towards a methodological framework","volume":"25","author":"Camilleri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wetl. 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