{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:17:06Z","timestamp":1766391426733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41776197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41776197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The oil\u2013water mixture ratio for oil spills on the ocean surface is an important parameter for volume estimation of oil spills, response strategy for the oil spills, cleanup operations, and remediation planning for the impacts on wildlife. Hybrid-polarized (HP) mode compact polarization (CP) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery will soon be available with the launch of the RADARSAT Constellation Mission. The advantage of the proposed new SAR system is that CP images will have wider swath and shorter revisit time compared to quad-polarization (QP) images, which are presently available from space-borne and air-borne SAR. We present a methodology to retrieve the oil\u2013water mixture ratio at the ocean surface using CP SAR imagery. We emulated the HP mode of CP SAR image using Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR (UAVSAR) L band observations collected on 23 June 2010 over the site of the Deep Water Horizon drilling rig. The gap between elements ratio of CP SAR covariance matrix and that of QP SAR Sinclair matrix is bridged. Numerical optimization and look up table methods are used to relate the oil\u2013water mixture ratio to elements of the covariance matrix for the HP data backscatter. The mixture ratio estimates determined from the ratio of diagonal elements of the covariance matrix for HP mode CP data are compared with results retrieved from the co-polarization ratio from the original QP SAR observations. Results from the proposed methodology for SAR images captured in the HP mode of CP data are shown to compare favourably to observed in situ data of the mixture ratios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11070816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T11:31:57Z","timestamp":1554377517000},"page":"816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Retrieval of Oil\u2013Water Mixture Ratio at Ocean Surface Using Compact Polarimetry Synthetic Aperture Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Mathematics &amp; Internetworking, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Perrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Mathematics &amp; Internetworking, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:20045118","article-title":"Mapping ocean surface features using biogenic slick-fields and SAR polarimetric decomposition technique","volume":"153","author":"Schuler","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Proc. 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