{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:32:33Z","timestamp":1769178753572,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008760","name":"Romanian Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STAR 131\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STAR 131\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["749323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["749323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESP2016-79503-C2-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESP2016-79503-C2-1-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Zurich Priority Programme on Global Change and Biodiversity","award":["URPP GCB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["URPP GCB"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy","award":["50EE1621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50EE1621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growing interest in the proximal sensing of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been boosted by space-based retrievals and up-coming missions such as the FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX). The European COST Action ES1309 \u201cInnovative optical tools for proximal sensing of ecophysiological processes\u201d (OPTIMISE, ES1309; https:\/\/optimise.dcs.aber.ac.uk\/) has produced three manuscripts addressing the main current challenges in this field. This article provides a framework to model the impact of different instrument noise and bias on the retrieval of SIF; and to assess uncertainty requirements for the calibration and characterization of state-of-the-art SIF-oriented spectroradiometers. We developed a sensor simulator capable of reproducing biases and noises usually found in field spectroradiometers. First the sensor simulator was calibrated and characterized using synthetic datasets of known uncertainties defined from laboratory measurements and literature. Secondly, we used the sensor simulator and the characterized sensor models to simulate the acquisition of atmospheric and vegetation radiances from a synthetic dataset. Each of the sensor models predicted biases with propagated uncertainties that modified the simulated measurements as a function of different factors. Finally, the impact of each sensor model on SIF retrieval was analyzed. Results show that SIF retrieval can be significantly affected in situations where reflectance factors are barely modified. SIF errors were found to correlate with drivers of instrumental-induced biases which are as also drivers of plant physiology. This jeopardizes not only the retrieval of SIF, but also the understanding of its relationship with vegetation function, the study of diel and seasonal cycles and the validation of remote sensing SIF products. Further work is needed to determine the optimal requirements in terms of sensor design, characterization and signal correction for SIF retrieval by proximal sensing. In addition, evaluation\/validation methods to characterize and correct instrumental responses should be developed and used to test sensors performance in operational conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11080960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1555930973000},"page":"960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence I: Instrumental Considerations for Proximal Spectroradiometers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-7081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Pacheco-Labrador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hanks Kn\u00f6ll Stra\u00dfe 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4283-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Hueni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3869-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETAL, Photonic Investigations Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, M\u0103gurele 77125, Romania"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Sakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Julitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JB Hyperspectral Devices, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7565-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Kuusk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, 61602 T\u00f5ravere, Estonia"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sporea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETAL, Photonic Investigations Laboratory, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, M\u0103gurele 77125, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8221-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Parc Cient\u00edfic, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46980 Paterna, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Burkart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JB Hyperspectral Devices, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}]},{"given":"M. Pilar","family":"Cendrero-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Parc Cient\u00edfic, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46980 Paterna, Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4343-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helge","family":"Aasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Science Group, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Goulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMD\/IPSL, CNRS, ENS, PSL Research University, Ecole polytechnique, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"given":"Alasdair","family":"Mac Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.05.003","article-title":"Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: Review of methods and applications","volume":"113","author":"Meroni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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