{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:21:33Z","timestamp":1776396093698,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science &amp; Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["2017FY100502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FY100502"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41671334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41671334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Launched on 15 November 2017, China\u2019s FengYun-3D (FY-3D) has taken over prime operational weather service from the aging FengYun-3B (FY-3B). Rather than directly implementing an FY-3B operational snow depth retrieval algorithm on FY-3D, we investigated this and four other well-known snow depth algorithms with respect to regional uncertainties in China. Applicable to various passive microwave sensors, these four snow depth algorithms are the Environmental and Ecological Science Data Centre of Western China (WESTDC) algorithm, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) algorithm, the Chang algorithm, and the Foster algorithm. Among these algorithms, validation results indicate that FY-3B and WESTDC perform better than the others. However, these two algorithms often result in considerable underestimation for deep snowpack (greater than 20 cm), while the other three persistently overestimate snow depth, probably because of their poor representation of snowpack characteristics in China. To overcome the retrieval errors that occur under deep snowpack conditions without sacrificing performance under relatively thin snowpack conditions, we developed an empirical snow depth retrieval algorithm suite for the FY-3D satellite. Independent evaluation using weather station observations in 2014 and 2015 demonstrates that the FY-3D snow depth algorithm\u2019s root mean square error (RMSE) and bias are 6.6 cm and 0.2 cm, respectively, and it has advantages over other similar algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11080977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T03:02:59Z","timestamp":1556161379000},"page":"977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Development of a Snow Depth Estimation Algorithm over China for the FY-3D\/MWRI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9847-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingmei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengli","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongxue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, R., Zhao, H., Wang, X., Key, J., Qu, X., and Hall, A. 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