{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T16:30:32Z","timestamp":1775579432225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time quality-controlled surface current data derived from X-Band marine radar (MR) measurements were evaluated to estimate their operational reliability. The presented data were acquired by the standard commercial off-the-shelf MR-based sigma s6 WaMoS\u00ae II (WaMoS\u00ae II) deployed onboard the German Research vessel Polarstern. The measurement reliability is specified by an IQ value obtained by the WaMoS\u00ae II real-time quality control (rtQC). Data which pass the rtQC without objection are assumed to be reliable. For these data sets accuracy and correlation with corresponding vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements are determined. To reduce potential misinterpretation due to short-term oceanic variability\/turbulences, the evaluation of the WaMoS\u00ae II accuracy was carried out based on sliding means over 20 min of the reliable data only. The associated standard deviation      \u03c3  W a M o S       = 0.02 m\/s of the mean WaMoS\u00ae II measurements reflect a high precision of the measurement and the successful rtQC during different wave, current and weather conditions. The direct comparison of 7272 WaMoS\u00ae II\/ADCP northward and eastward velocity data pairs yield a correlation of     r \u00a0 \u2265 0.94    , with      |  b i a  s \u0394   |  \u00a0 \u2264 0.06     m\/s and      \u03c3 S  = 0.05     m\/s. This confirms that the MR-based surface current measurements are accurate and reliable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11091030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T03:15:22Z","timestamp":1556766922000},"page":"1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["On the Reliability of Surface Current Measurements by X-Band Marine Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Katrin G.","family":"Hessner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OceanWaveS GmbH, 21339 L\u00fcneburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"El Naggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"given":"Wilken-Jon","family":"von Appen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7539-1400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker H.","family":"Strass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oudshoorn, H.M. 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