{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:43:32Z","timestamp":1764996212482,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESP2015-70014-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESP2015-70014-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","award":["FI-DGR 2015","Prof. Camps ICREA Academia 2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI-DGR 2015","Prof. Camps ICREA Academia 2015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu MDM-2016-0600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu MDM-2016-0600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["RTI2018-099008-B-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099008-B-C21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work analyzes the satellite cross-talk observed by the microwave interferometric reflectometer (MIR), a new global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reflectometer, during an airborne field campaign in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. MIR is a GNSS reflectometer with two 19-element, dual-band arrays, each of them having four steerable beams. The data collected during the experiment, the characterization of the arrays, and the global positioning system (GPS) and Galileo ephemeris were used to compute the expected delays and power levels of all incoming signals, and the probability of cross-talk was then evaluated. Despite the MIR highly directive arrays, the largest ever for a GNSS-R instrument, one of the flights was found to be contaminated by cross-talk almost half of the time at the L1\/E1 frequency band, and all four flights were contaminated \u223c5\u201310% of the time at the L5\/E5a frequency band. The cross-talk introduces an error of up to 40 cm of standard deviation for altimetric applications and about 0.24 dB for scatterometric applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11091120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T03:57:07Z","timestamp":1557719827000},"page":"1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Satellite Cross-Talk Impact Analysis in Airborne Interferometric Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry with the Microwave Interferometric Reflectometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6636-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Onrubia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu, Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, Campus Nord, D4 Building, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC\/UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8517-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu, Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, Campus Nord, D4 Building, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC\/UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu, Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, Campus Nord, D4 Building, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC\/UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Physics Department, School of Telecommunications and Aerospace Engineering (EETAC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Camps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CommSensLab\u2014Unidad de Excelencia Mar\u00eda de Maeztu, Department of Signal Theory and Communications (TSC), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014BarcelonaTech (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3, Campus Nord, D4 Building, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC\/UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4375-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"R\u00fcdiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4817-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9186-6867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Monerris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2014.2374220","article-title":"Tutorial on remote sensing using GNSS bistatic radar of opportunity","volume":"2","author":"Zavorotny","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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