{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:38:42Z","timestamp":1760240322169,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61171182","61032011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61171182","61032011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIT.MKSTISP.2016 13","HIT.MKSTISP.2016 26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIT.MKSTISP.2016 13","HIT.MKSTISP.2016 26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The nonhomogeneous clutter is a major challenge for ship detection in high-frequency mixed-mode surface wave radar. In this paper, a geometric barycenter-based reduced-dimension space-time adaptive processing method is proposed to suppress the clutter. Given the measured dataset, the range correlation of sea clutter is first investigated. Then, joint domain localized processing is applied to solve the training samples starve scenario in a practical system. The geometric barycenter-based training data selector is presented to select valid training samples and improve the accuracy of the clutter covariance matrix estimation. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified using the experimental data and the results show that it outperforms the conventional method in the nonhomogeneous environment of a practical system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11091141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T11:00:57Z","timestamp":1557745257000},"page":"1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Geometric Barycenter-Based Clutter Suppression Method for Ship Detection in HF Mixed-Mode Surface Wave Radar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0151-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiazhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic and Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5423-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic and Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding at Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Weibo","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic and Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding at Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic and Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic and Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding at Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/74.951557","article-title":"An integrated maritime surveillance system based on high-frequency surface-wave radars. 1. 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