{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T21:37:24Z","timestamp":1777066644037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["638822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["638822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a new Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) for the visible (VIS) channel of the Meteosat Visible and Infrared Imager (MVIRI), with pixel-level metrologically traceable uncertainties and error covariance estimates. MVIRI has flown onboard Meteosat First Generation (MFG) satellites between 1982 and 2017. It has served the weather forecasting community with measurements of \u201cvisible\u201d, \u201cinfra-red\u201d and \u201cwater vapour\u201d radiance in near real-time. The precision of the pre-launch sensor spectral response function (SRF) characterisation, particularly of the visible band of this sensor type, improved considerably with time, resulting in higher quality radiances towards the end of the MFG program. Despite these improvements, the correction of the degradation of this sensor has remained a challenging task and previous studies have found the SRF degradation to be faster in the blue than in the near-infrared part of the spectrum. With these limitations, the dataset cannot be immediately applied in climate science. In order to provide a data record that is suited for climate studies, the Horizon 2020 project \u201cFIDelity and Uncertainty in Climate-data records from Earth Observation\u201d (FIDUCEO) conducted (1) a thorough metrological uncertainty analysis for each instrument, and (2) a recalibration using enhanced input data such as reconstructed SRFs. In this paper, we present the metrological analysis, the recalibration results and the resulting consolidated FCDR. In the course of this study we were able to trace-back the remaining uncertainties in the calibrated MVIRI reflectances to underlying effects that have distinct physical root-causes and spatial\/temporal correlation patterns. SEVIRI and SCIAMACHY reflectances have been used for a validation of the harmonised dataset. The resulting new FCDR is publicly available for climate studies and for the production of climate data records (CDRs) spanning about 35 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11101165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T11:37:40Z","timestamp":1557920260000},"page":"1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Climate Data Records from Meteosat First Generation Part III: Recalibration and Uncertainty Tracing of the Visible Channel on Meteosat-2\u20137 Using Reconstructed, Spectrally Changing Response Functions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"R\u00fcthrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8640-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viju O.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0506-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob A.","family":"Roebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6857-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Quast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FastOpt GmbH, Lerchenstr. 28a, 22767 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Govaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rayference, 1030 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3517-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma R.","family":"Woolliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6589","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-6589-2018","article-title":"Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol properties with continuous variation of the state variables in the solution space\u2014Part 1: Theoretical concept","volume":"11","author":"Govaerts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. 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