{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T06:13:06Z","timestamp":1776147186330,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Long Point Fault is one of the most active urban faults in Houston, Texas, which belong to a complex system of normal growth faults along the Texas Gulf Coast. To assess the activity of the Long Point Fault, a GPS array with 12 permanent stations was installed along the two sides of the 16-km-long fault scarp in 2013. GPS datasets were processed with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and Double-Difference (DD) methods. The daily PPP solutions with respect to the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Reference Frame 2014 (IGS14) were converted to the Stable Houston Reference Frame (Houston16). The six-year continuous GPS observations indicate that the Long Point Fault is currently inactive, with the rates of down-dip-slip and along-strike-slip being below 1 mm\/year. The Long Point Fault area is experiencing moderate subsidence varying from 5 to 11 mm\/year and a coherent horizontal movement towards the northwest at a rate of approximately 2 to 4 mm\/year. The horizontal movement is induced by the subsidence bowl that has been developing since the 1980s in the Jersey Village area. Current surficial damages in the Long Point Fault area are more likely caused by ongoing uneven subsidence and its induced horizontal strains, as well as the significant seasonal ground deformation, rather than deep-seated or tectonic-controlled fault movements. The results from this study suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between groundwater withdrawals and local faulting, which is pertinent to plans for future urban development, use of groundwater resources, and minimization of urban geological hazards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11101213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T03:22:03Z","timestamp":1558581723000},"page":"1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Current Activity of the Long Point Fault in Houston, Texas Constrained by Continuous GPS Measurements (2013\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Turco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, Houston, TX 77456, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Agudelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruibin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuilong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1086\/623352","article-title":"Local Subsidence of the Goose Creek Oil Field","volume":"34","author":"Pratt","year":"1926","journal-title":"J. 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