{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:17:37Z","timestamp":1760188657849,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41721003","41574019","41674031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41721003","41574019","41674031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Thematic Network Project","award":["57421148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57421148"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cycle slip detection and repair are crucial for precise GPS-derived orbit determination of the low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. We present a new approach to detect and repair cycle slips for dual-frequency LEO satellite GPS observations. According to Newton\u2019s equation of motion, the second-order time difference of the LEO satellite\u2019s position (STP) is only related to the sampling interval and the satellite\u2019s acceleration, which can be precisely obtained from the known orbit dynamic models. Then, several kinds of second-order time-difference geometry-free (STG) phase combinations, taking full advantage of the correlation between the satellite orbit variations and the dynamic model, with different level of ionospheric residuals, are proposed and adopted together to detect and fix cycle slips. The STG approach is tested with some LEO satellite GPS datasets. Results show that it is an effective cycle slip detection and repair method for LEO satellite GPS observations. This method also has some important features. Firstly, the STG combination is almost independent of the pseudorange. Secondly, this method is effective for LEO satellites, even in real-time application. Thirdly, this method is suitable for ground-based GPS receivers if we know the acceleration of the receivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T11:31:28Z","timestamp":1559129488000},"page":"1273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cycle Slip Detection and Repair for Dual-Frequency LEO Satellite GPS Carrier Phase Observations with Orbit Dynamic Model Information"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4695-5710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Shoujian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1614-1900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2005.01.003","article-title":"Reduced dynamic orbit determination using GPS code and carrier measurements","volume":"9","author":"Montenbruck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aerosp. 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