{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:09:43Z","timestamp":1776085783487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41874042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques","award":["KFKT_201706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFKT_201706"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the official announcement of open service since the end of 2018, the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has started to provide global positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services. Thus, it is worth assessing the positioning service of new BDS satellites and signals. In this paper, we comprehensively assess the system status and the global positioning performance of BDS regarding single point positioning (SPP) and real-time kinematic (RTK) performance. Results show that the signal in space range error (SISRE) of BDS-3 satellites is superior to that of BDS-2 satellites, showing an overall accuracy of 0.71 m versus 0.97 m, which is competitive with GPS and Galileo. With the contribution of BDS-3, the number of global average visible satellites has increased from 5.1 to 10.7, which provides a mean global position dilution of precision (PDOP) value better than 6 at 99.88% and the mean availability of basic PNT performance is also improved from 35.25% to 98.84%. One week of statistical results from 54 globally distributed international GNSS service (IGS) stations show that the root mean square (RMS) of SPP accuracy is 1.1 m in horizontal and 2.2 m in vertical, which is at the same level of GPS. The new B1c and B2a signals show a smaller observation noise than B1I, and SPP performance of B1c is similar to that of B1I. However, the positioning precision is slightly worse at the B2a frequency, which may be due to the inaccurate BDS ionosphere correction. As for short baseline RTK, baseline accuracy is also improved due to the increased number of new BDS satellites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T02:08:40Z","timestamp":1559527720000},"page":"1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Initial Positioning Assessment of BDS New Satellites and New Signals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yize","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 1358533, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiexian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"China Satellite Navigation Office (2019, April 24). 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