{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:04:07Z","timestamp":1769724247580,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Geographic Explorers program","award":["NGS-382R-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGS-382R-18"]}]},{"name":"NSF DEB Grants (VCR-LTER)","award":["#1237733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1237733"]}]},{"name":"NSF DEB Grants","award":["#1832221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1832221"]}]},{"name":"RIT College of Science Dean's Research Initiation Grant (D-RIG)","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salt marsh vegetation density varies considerably on short spatial scales, complicating attempts to evaluate plant characteristics using airborne remote sensing approaches. In this study, we used a mast-mounted hyperspectral imaging system to obtain cm-scale imagery of a salt marsh chronosequence on Hog Island, VA, where the morphology and biomass of the dominant plant species, Spartina alterniflora, varies widely. The high-resolution hyperspectral imagery allowed the detailed delineation of variations in above-ground biomass, which we retrieved from the imagery using the PROSAIL radiative transfer model. The retrieved biomass estimates correlated well with contemporaneously collected in situ biomass ground truth data (     R 2  = 0.73    ). In this study, we also rescaled our hyperspectral imagery and retrieved PROSAIL salt marsh biomass to determine the applicability of the method across spatial scales. Histograms of retrieved biomass changed considerably in characteristic marsh regions as the spatial scale of the imagery was progressively degraded. This rescaling revealed a loss of spatial detail and a shift in the mean retrieved biomass. This shift is indicative of the loss of accuracy that may occur when scaling up through a simple averaging approach that does not account for the detail found in the landscape at the natural scale of variation of the salt marsh system. This illustrated the importance of developing methodologies to appropriately scale results from very fine scale resolution up to the more coarse-scale resolutions commonly obtained in airborne and satellite remote sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T10:55:44Z","timestamp":1560250544000},"page":"1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Retrieval of Salt Marsh Above-Ground Biomass from High-Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using PROSAIL"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rehman S.","family":"Eon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623\u20135603, USA"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623\u20135603, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3466-0483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles M.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623\u20135603, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7845-995X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Christina","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623\u20135603, USA"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Lapszynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623\u20135603, USA"}]},{"given":"Gregory P.","family":"Badura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623\u20135603, USA"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Osgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Albright College, Reading, PA 19604, USA"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Albright College, Reading, PA 19604, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2307\/1351627","article-title":"Dependence of fishery species on salt marshes: The role of food and refuge","volume":"7","author":"Boesch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150349","article-title":"Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values","volume":"319","author":"Barbier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1890\/080126","article-title":"Non-linearity in ecosystem services: Temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection","volume":"7","author":"Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. 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