{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T11:10:29Z","timestamp":1769857829094,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005024","name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-ZZ-094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-ZZ-094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771455\/D010702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771455\/D010702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4140010982\/D010702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4140010982\/D010702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8182013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8182013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16JCZDJC40400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16JCZDJC40400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Land subsidence is a global environmental geological hazard caused by natural or human activities. The high spatial resolution and continuous time coverage of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series analysis techniques provide data and a basis for the development of methods for the investigation and evolution mechanism study of regional land subsidence. Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from land subsidence for decades since it was first recorded in the 1950s. It was reported that uneven ground subsidence and fractures have seriously affected the normal operation of the Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) in recent years before the overhaul of the middle runway in April 2017. In this study, InSAR time series analysis was successfully used to detect the uneven local subsidence and ground fissure activity that has been gradually increasing in BCIA since 2010. A multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) technique was performed on 63 TerraSAR-X\/TanDem-X (TSX\/TDX) images acquired between 2010 and 2017, then deformation rate maps and time series for the airport area were generated. Comparisons of deformation rate and displacement time series from InSAR and ground-leveling were carried out in order to evaluate the accuracy of the InSAR-derived measurements. After an integrated analysis of the distribution characteristics of land subsidence, previous research results, and geological data was carried out, we found and located an active ground fissure. Then main cause of the ground fissures was preliminarily discussed. Finally, it can be conducted that InSAR technology can be used to identify and monitor geological processes, such as land subsidence and ground fissure activities, and can provide a scientific approach to better explore and study the cause and formation mechanism of regional subsidence and ground fissures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11121466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1561027799000},"page":"1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Land Subsidence and Ground Fissures in Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA): Evidence from Quasi-PS InSAR Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8871-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingliang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Huili","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Chaofan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2244-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongyun","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Guangyao","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M., Tom\u00e1s, R., Li, Z., Motagh, M., Li, T., Hu, L., Gong, H., Li, X., Yu, J., and Gong, X. 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