{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:41:01Z","timestamp":1760240461712,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41531069","41476162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41531069","41476162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFC1402701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1402701"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ice flow velocity is a sensitive indicator of glacier variations both controlling and representing the delivery of ice and affecting the future stability of ice masses in a warming climate. As one of the poly-thermal glaciers in the high Arctic, Austre Lov\u00e9nbreen (AL) is on the northwestern coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The ice flow velocity of AL was investigated using in situ global positioning system (GPS) observations over 14 years and numerical modelling with Elmer\/Ice. First, the ice flow velocity field of AL along central flow line was presented and the ice flow velocity is approximately 4 m\/a. Obvious seasonal changes of ice flow velocity can be found in the middle of the glacier, where the velocity in spring-summer is 47% larger than in autumn\u2013winter in 2016, and the mean annual velocity increased 14% from 2009 until 2016. Second, the numerical simulation was performed considering the poly-thermal character of the glacier, and indicated that there are two peak ice flow regions on the glacier, and not just one peak ice flow region as previously believed. The new peak ice flow zone found by simulation was verified by field work, which also demonstrated that the velocity of the newly identified zone is 8% faster than the previously identified zone. Third, although our field observations showed that the ice flow velocity is slowly increasing recently, the maximum ice flow velocity will soon begin to decrease gradually in the long term according to glacier evolution modelling of AL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11121488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T02:37:40Z","timestamp":1561343860000},"page":"1488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Discovery of the Fastest Ice Flow along the Central Flow Line of Austre Lov\u00e9nbreen, a Poly-thermal Valley Glacier in Svalbard"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Songtao","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiachun","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guobiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zemin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3189\/172756505781829089","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variations in surface velocity and basal drag across the tongue of the polythermal glacier midre Lov\u00e9nbreen, Svalbard","volume":"51","author":"Rippin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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