{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:39:52Z","timestamp":1771029592560,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Target-based calibration is the most widely used calibration procedure for terrestrial laser scanners. Nevertheless, the current implementations of this procedure are suboptimal due to the high complexity of their calibration fields. Therefore, designing calibration fields, by selecting optimal target locations with respect to the instrument, is a pending research question. Answering this question would lead to a more efficient and user-friendly calibration, as well as improved calibration results. Herein, we conduct a detailed analysis of the most sensitive target-to-instrument measurement configuration to estimate individual calibration parameters. Based on this analysis, we derive a minimal measurement geometry, sensitive to all mechanical misalignments, relevant for high-end panoramic terrestrial laser scanners. We support our sensitivity analysis by a simulation and empirical experiments followed by a discussion about the advantages and shortcomings of the proposed minimal measurement geometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T08:19:13Z","timestamp":1561623553000},"page":"1519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sensitivity Analysis and Minimal Measurement Geometry for the Target-Based Calibration of High-End Panoramic Terrestrial Laser Scanners"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6332-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Medi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Nussallee 17, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Nussallee 17, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Nussallee 17, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"A review of the use of terrestrial laser scanning application for change detection and deformation monitoring of structures","volume":"49","author":"Mukupa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv. 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