{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T05:20:10Z","timestamp":1768713610411,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA23100202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA23100202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41671517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41671517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, the increasing shrub-encroached grassland in the Mongolian Plateau partly indicates grassland quality decline and degradation. Accurate shrub identification and regional difference analysis in shrub-encroached grassland are significant for ecological degradation research. Object-oriented filter (OOF) and digital surface model (DSM)-digital terrain model (DTM) analyses were combined to establish a high-accuracy automatic shrub identification algorithm (CODA), which made full use of remote sensing products by unmanned aircraft systems (UASs). The results show that: (1) The overall accuracy of CODA in the Grain for Green test area is 89.96%, which is higher than that of OOF (84.52%) and DSM-DTM (78.44%), mainly due to the effective elimination of interference factors (such as shrub-like highland, well-grown grassland in terrain-depression area, etc.) by CODA. (2) The accuracy (87.5%) of CODA in the typical steppe test area is lower than that (92.5%) in the desert steppe test area, which may be related to the higher community structure complexity of typical steppe. Besides, the shrub density is smaller, and the regional difference is more massive in the typical steppe test area. (3) The ground sampling distance for best CODA accuracy in the Grain for Green test area is about 15 cm, while it is below 3 cm in the typical and desert steppe test area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"1623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Automatic Identification of Shrub-Encroached Grassland in the Mongolian Plateau Based on UAS Remote Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Department of Natural Resources of Jilin Province, Changchun 130000, China"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7338-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-014-0044-9","article-title":"Climate and native grassland vegetation as drivers of the community structures of shrub-encroached grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. 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