{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:41:34Z","timestamp":1760240494433,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The on-orbit calibration of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB), onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-20 (NOAA-20) and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellites, have been stable during nominal operations. However, larger than expected scan angle\/scene temperature dependent biases, relative to the co-located Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) observations, were observed in the NOAA-20 longwave infrared (LWIR) bands. The Response Versus Scan (RVS) effect\u2014the variation of instrument reflectance of source radiance with scan angle, is a significant contributor to VIIRS calibration. TEB RVS is characterized using prelaunch test data and verified on-orbit using pitch maneuver data. This study presents a new method that characterizes VIIRS on-orbit TEB RVS at both Earth View (EV) and Space View (SV) scan angles simultaneously. This method was compared with an existing on-orbit RVS method (the Wu et al. method), which derives RVS at EV scan angles using pitch maneuver data and extrapolates SV RVS from EV. The new method derived on-orbit RVS differ from prelaunch values up to 1.0% at the beginning of scan in the NOAA-20 LWIR bands, and ~0.5% in S-NPP M15. VIIRS\u2013CrIS inter-comparison results indicates that the new method derived on-orbit RVS can effectively minimize LWIR scan angle\/scene temperature dependent biases, with scan averaged biases reduced from 0.40K to 0.15K for NOAA-20 LWIR bands, and from 0.24K to 0.08K for S-NPP M15. The Wu et al. method can also reduce the scan angle dependent biases, but at the expense of increasing the scene temperature dependent biases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"1624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A New Method for Characterizing NOAA-20\/S-NPP VIIRS Thermal Emissive Bands Response Versus Scan Using On-Orbit Pitch Maneuver Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9782-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Science and Technology (GST), Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3572-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Blonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Science and Technology (GST), Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11664","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD020418","article-title":"Suomi NPP VIIRS sensor data record verification, validation, and long-term performance monitoring","volume":"118","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2247768","article-title":"Early on-orbit performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"VIIRS Radiometric Calibration ATBD (2013). Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) VIIRS Radiometric Calibration Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD), NOAA\/NESDIS\/STAR: 2013."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyer, D., McIntire, J., Oudrari, H., McCarthy, J., Xiong, X., and De Luccia, F. (2016). JPSS-1 VIIRS Pre-Launch Response Versus Scan Angle Testing and Performance. 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