{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:41:34Z","timestamp":1760240494911,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["41574014","41774014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41574014","41774014"]}]},{"name":"the Frontier Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission","award":["085015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["085015"]}]},{"name":"the Innovation Workstation Project of the Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission","award":["Y-SYS-GZZ-QY-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-SYS-GZZ-QY-004"]}]},{"name":"the Outstanding Youth Fundation of the China Academy of Space Technology","award":["M-2014-HB-502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M-2014-HB-502"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The positioning error of the specular reflection point is the main error source of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) satellite sea surface altimetry. The existing specular reflection point geometric positioning methods do not consider the static-state elevation difference of tens of meters and the decimeter-level time-varying elevation difference between the reflection reference surface and the instantaneous sea surface. The resulting positioning error restricts the GNSS-R satellite sea surface altimetry from reaching cm-level high accuracy on the reference datum. Under the premise of the basic static-state elevation positioning error correction, reducing the time-varying elevation positioning error is the key to improving positioning accuracy. In this study, based on the principle of elevation correction of GNSS-R reflection reference surface, the main parameter that determines the real-time variation of sea surface height, ocean tide, is used to correct the specular reflection point from geoid to ocean tidal surface. The positioning error caused by the time-varying elevation error of the reflection reference surface is reduced, the positioning accuracy is improved, and the improvement is quantified. According to the research results, the ocean tidal correction positioning (OTCP) method improves the positioning accuracy by 0.31 m. The positioning accuracy improvement has a good correlation with the corresponding tidal height modulo, and the improvement is 1.07 times of the tidal height modulo. In the offshore, the tidal height gradient modulo is greater than the deep sea, the gradient of the tidal positioning correction has a good response to the tidal height gradient modulo, while the sensitivity of this response decreases in the deep sea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"1626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Improving the Positioning Accuracy of Satellite-Borne GNSS-R Specular Reflection Point on Sea Surface Based on the Ocean Tidal Correction Positioning Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, 104 Youyi Road, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5435","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL064204","article-title":"Spaceborne GNSS reflectometry for ocean winds: First results from the UK TechDemoSat-1 mission","volume":"42","author":"Foti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geophys. 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