{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:41:21Z","timestamp":1773970881598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0405900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0405900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51709221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51709221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009577","name":"Shaanxi Provincial Department of Water Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015slkj-27 and 2017slkj-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015slkj-27 and 2017slkj-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009577","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201508610099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201508610099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004614","name":"China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IWHR-SKL-KF201803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IWHR-SKL-KF201803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009021","name":"Xi'an University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310-252071712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310-252071712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the changing relationships between vegetation coverage and precipitation\/temperature (P\/T) and then exploring their potential drivers are highly necessary for ecosystem management under the backdrop of a changing environment. The Jing River Basin (JRB), a typical eco-environmentally vulnerable region of the Loess Plateau, was chosen to identify abrupt variations of the relationships between seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and P\/T through a copula-based method. By considering the climatic\/large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and human activities, the potential causes of the non-stationarity of the relationship between NDVI and P\/T were revealed. Results indicated that (1) the copula-based framework introduced in this study is more reasonable and reliable than the traditional double-mass curves method in detecting change points of vegetation and climate relationships; (2) generally, no significant change points were identified during 1982\u20132010 at the 95% confidence level, implying the overall stationary relationship still exists, while the relationships between spring NDVI and P\/T, autumn NDVI and P have slightly changed; (3) teleconnection factors (including Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Ni\u00f1o 3.4, and sunspots) have a more significant influence on the relationship between seasonal NDVI and P\/T than local climatic factors (including potential evapotranspiration and soil moisture); (4) negative human activities (expansion of farmland and urban areas) and positive human activities (\u201cGrain For Green\u201d program) were also potential factors affecting the relationship between NDVI and P\/T. This study provides a new and reliable insight into detecting the non-stationarity of the relationship between NDVI and P\/T, which will be beneficial for further revealing the connection between the atmosphere and ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Copula-Based Abrupt Variations Detection in the Relationship of Seasonal Vegetation-Climate in the Jing River Basin, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}]},{"given":"Shengzhi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Guoyong","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4071-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK"},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Munich (LMU), 80333 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315126111","article-title":"Afforestation in China cools local land surface temperature","volume":"111","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. 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