{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:28:34Z","timestamp":1781519314289,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,14]],"date-time":"2019-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["777630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO), the State Agency of Research (AEI), and the European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["TEC2017-85244-C2-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2017-85244-C2-1-P"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work describes a new procedure aimed to semi-automatically identify clusters of active persistent scatterers and preliminarily associate them with different potential types of deformational processes over wide areas. This procedure consists of three main modules: (i) ADAfinder, aimed at the detection of Active Deformation Areas (ADA) using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) data; (ii) LOS2HV, focused on the decomposition of Line Of Sight (LOS) displacements from ascending and descending PSI datasets into vertical and east-west components; iii) ADAclassifier, that semi-automatically categorizes each ADA into potential deformational processes using the outputs derived from (i) and (ii), as well as ancillary external information. The proposed procedure enables infrastructures management authorities to identify, classify, monitor and categorize the most critical deformations measured by PSI techniques in order to provide the capacity for implementing prevention and mitigation actions over wide areas against geological threats. Zeri, Campiglia Marittima\u2013Suvereto and Abbadia San Salvatore (Tuscany, central Italy) are used as case studies for illustrating the developed methodology. Three PSI datasets derived from the Sentinel-1 constellation have been used, jointly with the geological map of Italy (scale 1:50,000), the updated Italian landslide and land subsidence maps (scale 1:25,000), a 25 m grid Digital Elevation Model, and a cadastral vector map (scale 1:5000). The application to these cases of the proposed workflow demonstrates its capability to quickly process wide areas in very short times and a high compatibility with Geographical Information System (GIS) environments for data visualization and representation. The derived products are of key interest for infrastructures and land management as well as decision-making at a regional scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11141675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T04:55:27Z","timestamp":1563166527000},"page":"1675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Semi-Automatic Identification and Pre-Screening of Geological\u2013Geotechnical Deformational Processes Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Datasets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2947-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-5604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"Pag\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC\/CERCA), Geomatics Division, Av. Gauss, 7 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5737-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Cuevas-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC\/CERCA), Geomatics Division, Av. Gauss, 7 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Crosetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC\/CERCA), Geomatics Division, Av. Gauss, 7 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6254-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Barra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC\/CERCA), Geomatics Division, Av. Gauss, 7 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2505-6855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriol","family":"Monserrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC\/CERCA), Geomatics Division, Av. Gauss, 7 08860 Castelldefels, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Lopez-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Ram\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sistema de Informaci\u00f3n Geogr\u00e1fica de la Universidad de Alicante (SIGUA), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8647-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Ivorra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7539-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Del Soldato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Via La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3637-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Solari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Via La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Via La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Raspini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Via La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Novali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TRE-Altamira, Via di Ripa Ticinese, 79, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TRE-Altamira, Via di Ripa Ticinese, 79, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-GEOS\u2014An Italian Space Agency\/Telespazio Company, Via Tiburtina, 965, 00156 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Trillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-GEOS\u2014An Italian Space Agency\/Telespazio Company, Via Tiburtina, 965, 00156 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6633-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geohazards InSAR Laboratory and Modeling Group, Instituto Geol\u00f3gico y Minero de Espa\u00f1a (IGME), C\/ Alenza 1, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Earth Observation and Geohazards Expert Group (EOEG), EuroGeoSurveys, the Geological Surveys of Europe, Rue Joseph II, 36\u201338, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Casagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Sciences Department, University of Florence, Via La Pira, 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pepe, A., and Cal\u00f2, F. 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