{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:04:49Z","timestamp":1773817489363,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1171171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1171171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009068","name":"Consejo Nacional de Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FONDAP 15150003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDAP 15150003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MINECOM","award":["NC 12008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC 12008"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo y Creaci\u00f3n Art\u00edstica","award":["countless"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["countless"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The central and northern Chilean coasts are part of the Humboldt Current System, which sustains one of the largest fisheries in the world due to upwelling. There are several upwelling focal points along the Chilean coast; however, from a physical standpoint, the region between 39\u00b0 and 41\u00b0 S has not been studied in detail despite being one of the most productive zones for pelagic extraction in Chile. Here, we evaluated the seasonal variability of coastal upwelling off central-southern Chile using principally daily sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind (SSW), and 8-day composite chlorophyll-a concentration between 2003 and 2017. Through the seasonal evaluation of the net surface heat flux and its relationship with the SST as well as daily SST variability, we determined the \u201cmaximum upwelling\u201d on our area. The direction of surface winds is controlled throughout the year by the Southeast Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone, which produces a cold tongue and an upwelling shadow north of Punta Galera (40\u00b0 S) in austral spring and summer. A cross-correlation analysis showed a decrease of SST follow the alongshore SSW with a lag of 2 days in the months favorable to the upwelling. However, the correlations were not as high as what would be expected, indicating that there is a large advection of waters from the south that could be related to the greater volume of subantarctic water present in the zone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T10:48:19Z","timestamp":1563965299000},"page":"1737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Seasonal Variability of Upwelling off Central-Southern Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andre","family":"Pinochet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00e9s-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Centro FONDAP de Investigaci\u00f3n en Din\u00e1mica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-7761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Concepci\u00f3n 4051381, Chile"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Olgu\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2007.08.005","article-title":"Factors responsible for the differences in satellite-based chlorophyll a concentration between the major global upwelling areas","volume":"76","author":"Patti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Estuar. 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