{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:28Z","timestamp":1772253028912,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Camerino (FAR Schettino &amp; FAR Pierantoni) - University of Oxford (Eugene Ludwig Fund, New College)","award":["FAR & Eugene Ludwig Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR & Eugene Ludwig Fund"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hadrian\u2019s Villa is an ancient Roman archaeological site built over an ignimbritic tuff and characterized by abundant iron oxides, strong remnant magnetization, and elevated magnetic susceptibility. These properties account for the high-amplitude magnetic anomalies observed in this site and were used as a primary tool to detect deep archaeological features consisting of air-filled and soil-filled cavities of the tuff. An integrated magnetic, paleomagnetic, radar, and electric resistivity survey was performed in the Plutonium-Inferi sector of Hadrian\u2019s Villa to outline a segment of the underground system of tunnels that link different zones of the villa. A preliminary paleomagnetic analysis of the bedrock unit and a high-resolution topographic survey by aerial photogrammetry allowed us to perform a computer-assisted modelling of the observed magnetic anomalies, with respect to the archaeological sources. The intrinsic ambiguity of this procedure was reduced through the analysis of ground penetrating radar and electric resistivity profiles, while a comprehensive picture of the buried archaeological features was built by integration of the magnetization model with radar amplitude maps. The final subsurface model of the Plutonium-Inferi complex shows that the observed anomalies are mostly due to the presence of tunnels, skylights, and a system of ditches excavated in the tuff.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T10:48:19Z","timestamp":1563965299000},"page":"1739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reconstruction of a Segment of the UNESCO World Heritage Hadrian\u2019s Villa Tunnel Network by Integrated GPR, Magnetic\u2013Paleomagnetic, and Electric Resistivity Prospections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Ghezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro Paolo","family":"Pierantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Conyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Vigliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Scienze Marine, CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwin","family":"Schettino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC\u2014Universidad de Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Melfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LU, UK"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Gorrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Boila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idrogeotec S.N.C., 06127 Perugia, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Criptoportici e Gallerie sotterranee di Villa Adriana nella loro tipologia e nelle loro funzioni","volume":"14","year":"1973","journal-title":"Publications de l\u2019\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ligorio, P. 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