{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T15:36:02Z","timestamp":1785080162022,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26249058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26249058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A passive bistatic ground-based synthetic aperture radar (PB-GB-SAR) system without a dedicated transmitter has been developed by using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware for local-area high-resolution imaging and displacement measurement purposes. Different from the frequency-modulated or frequency-stepped continuous wave signal commonly used by GB-SAR, the continuous digital TV signal broadcast by a geostationary satellite has been adopted by PB-GB-SAR. In order to increase the coherence between the reference and surveillance channels, frequency and phase synchronization of multiple low noise blocks (LNBs) has been conducted. Then, the back-projection algorithm (BPA) and the range migration algorithm (RMA) have been modified for PB-GB-SAR to get the focused SAR image. Field experiments have been carried out to validate the designed PB-GB-SAR system and the proposed methods. It has been found that different targets within 100 m (like the fence, light pole, tree, and car) can be imaged by the PB-GB-SAR system. With a metallic plate moved on a positioner, it has been observed that the displacement of the target can be estimated by PB-GB-SAR with submillimeter accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T08:45:39Z","timestamp":1564130739000},"page":"1753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Passive Bistatic Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar: Concept, System, and Experiment Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4205-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weike","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Friedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEMTO-ST, Time &amp; Frequency Department, 25000 Besancon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7621-5014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Nico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEMTO-ST, Time &amp; Frequency Department, 25000 Besancon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, 980-8576 Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.04.001","article-title":"A review of ground-based SAR interferometry for deformation measurement","volume":"93","author":"Monserrat","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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