{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T13:10:20Z","timestamp":1769951420673,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of TanDEM-X DEM (digital elevation model) for remote geomorphological analysis in Argentinian Patagonia. The use of a DEM with appropriate resolution and coverage might be very helpful and advantageous in vast and hardly accessible areas. TanDEM-X DEM could represent an unprecedented opportunity to identify geomorphological features because of its global coverage, ~12 m spatial resolution and low cost. In this regard, we assessed the vertical accuracy of TanDEM-X DEM through comparison with Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) datasets collected in two areas of the Patagonia Region during a field survey; we then investigated different types of landforms by creating the elevation profiles. The comparison indicates a high agreement between TanDEM-X DEM and reference values, with a mean absolute vertical error (MAE) of 0.53 m, and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.73 m. The results of landform analysis show an appropriate spatial resolution to detect different features such as beach ridges, which are impossible to delineate with other lower resolution DEMs. For these reasons, TanDEM-X DEM constitutes a useful tool for detailed geomorphological analyses in Argentinian Patagonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11151767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T03:06:58Z","timestamp":1564369618000},"page":"1767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Accuracy of the TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model for Coastal Geomorphological Studies in Patagonia (South Argentina)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pasquetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences; University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 50126 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Bini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences; University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 50126 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-9084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciampalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences; University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 50126 Pisa, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1029\/93WR03553","article-title":"Digital elevation model grid size, landscape representation, and hydrologic simulations","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1702","article-title":"High spatial resolution data acquisition for the geosciences: Kite aerial photography","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2015.07.014","article-title":"Impacts on DEM resolution, source, and resampling technique on SWAT-simulated streamflow","volume":"63","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2007.05.016","article-title":"Recent lahars at Volc\u00e1n de Colima (Mexico): Drainage variation and spectral classification","volume":"165","author":"Davila","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4189","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JB011988","article-title":"High-resolution TanDEM-X DEM: An accurate method to estimate lava flow volumes at Nyamulagira volcano (D. R. Congo)","volume":"120","author":"Albino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-017-0866-z","article-title":"Susceptibility of intrusion-related landslides at volcanic islands: The Stromboli case study","volume":"15","author":"Bartolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.01.004","article-title":"Geographic information systems (GIS) hydrological modeling in archeology: An example from the origins of irrigation in Southwest Arabia (Yemen)","volume":"37","author":"Harrower","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Archeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.09.018","article-title":"Airborne LiDAR, archeology, and the ancient Maya landscape at Caracol, Belize","volume":"38","author":"Chase","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Archeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2015.04.005","article-title":"Palaeoenvironments and palaeotopography of a multilayered city during the Etruscan and Roman periods: Early interaction of fluvial processes and urban growth at Pisa (Tuscany, Italy)","volume":"59","author":"Bini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/gea.21619","article-title":"Deciphering the effects of human activity on urban areas through morphostratigraphic analysis: The case of Pisa, Northwest Italy","volume":"33","author":"Bini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geoarchaeology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2014.03.008","article-title":"High-resolution topography for understanding Earth surface processes: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"216","author":"Tarolli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-015-0663-5","article-title":"The effectiveness of high-resolution data combined with PSInSAR data in landslide study","volume":"13","author":"Ciampalini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L23S05","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL031295","article-title":"Quantifying fault-zone activity in arid environments with high-resolution topography","volume":"34","author":"Oskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabassa, J. (2008). The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Developments in Quaternary Science, Elsevier Ltd.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1571-0866(07)10008-7"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2010.06.003","article-title":"Timing and magnitude of Holocene sea-level changes along the middle and south Patagonian Atlantic coast derived from beach ridge systems, littoral terraces and valley-mouth terraces","volume":"103","author":"Schellmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Earth-Science Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-10-00139.1","article-title":"Holocene beach ridges and coastal evolution in the Cabo Raso Bay (Atlantic Patagonian Coast, Argentina)","volume":"27","author":"Ribolini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"19","article-title":"New insights on the Holocene marine transgression in the Bah\u00eda Camarones (Chubut, Argentina)","volume":"131","author":"Zanchetta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ital. J. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0959683613518589","article-title":"Middle- to late-Holocene relative sea-level changes at Puerto Deseado (Patagonia, Argentina)","volume":"24","author":"Zanchetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Holocene"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1127\/0372-8854\/2014\/0142","article-title":"Coastal landscape evolution and sea-level change: A case study from Central Patagonia (Argentina)","volume":"59","author":"Pappalardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Z. Geomorphol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0959683617714596","article-title":"Mid-Holocene relative sea-level changes along Atlantic Patagonia: New data from Camarones, Chubut, Argentina","volume":"28","author":"Bini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Holocene"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"29","article-title":"Last Interglacial Sea-level highstand deduced from notches and inner margins of marine terraces at Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina","volume":"40","author":"Bini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geogr. Fis. Din. Quat."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.4113\/jom.2011.1203","article-title":"Geomorphologic map of northeastern sector of San Jorge gulf (Chubut, Argentina)","volume":"7","author":"Isola","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Maps"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2015.06.025","article-title":"Evaluation of TanDEM-X elevation data for geomorphological mapping and interpretation in high mountain environments\u2014A case study from SE Tibet, China","volume":"246","author":"Pipaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9475","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6109475","article-title":"Evaluating the Quality and Accuracy of TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Models at Archaeological Sites in the Cilician Plain, Turkey","volume":"6","author":"Erasmi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2015.07.007","article-title":"Evaluation of DEM generation based on interferometric SAR using TanDEM-X data in Tokyo","volume":"83\u201384","author":"Avtar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.06.004","article-title":"Relative height error analysis of TanDEM-X elevation data","volume":"73","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogr. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.02.017","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of the global TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model with GPS data","volume":"139","author":"Wessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.3612","article-title":"Abrasive notches along the Atlantic patagonian coast and their potential use as sea level markers: The case of puerto deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina)","volume":"39","author":"Bini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Darwin, C.R. (1846). Geological Observations on South America: Being the Third Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, under the Command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. during the Years 1832 to 1836, Smith Elder and Co."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsames.2003.10.003","article-title":"The basement of the Deseado Massif at Bah\u00eda Laura, Patagonia, Argentina: A proposal forits evolution","volume":"16","author":"Guido","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. S. Am. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(95)00103-J","article-title":"Production of Jurassic rhyolite by anatexis of the lower crust of Patagonia","volume":"134","author":"Pankhurst","year":"1995","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0273(97)00070-X","article-title":"The Chon Aike province of Patagonia and related rocks in West Antarctica: A silicic large igneous province","volume":"81","author":"Pankhurst","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego","volume":"11","author":"Coronato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Quat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2007.900693","article-title":"TanDEM-X: A Satellite Formation for High-Resolution SAR Interferometry","volume":"45","author":"Krieger","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Wessel, B. (2019, February 11). TanDEM-X Ground Segment DEM Products Specification Document. EOC, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 2016; Issue 3.1. Public Document TD-GSPS-0021. Available online: https:\/\/elib.dlr.de\/108014\/1\/TD-GS-PS-0021_DEM-Product-Specification_v3.1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Maune, D. (2001). Accuracy standards. Digital Elevation Model Technologies and Applications: The DEM User Manual, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1191\/0309133306pp492ra","article-title":"Causes and consequences of error in digital elevation models","volume":"30","author":"Fisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3354\/cr030079","article-title":"Advantages of the mean absolute error (MAE) over the root mean square error (RMSE) in assessing average model performance","volume":"30","author":"Willmott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2009.02.003","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of digital elevation models by means of robust statistical methods","volume":"64","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1085(200001)14:1<1::AID-HYP918>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Satellite-derived digital elevation model accuracy: Hydrogeomorphological analysis requirements","volume":"14","author":"Endreny","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Tighe, M.L., and Chamberlain, D. (2009, January 16\u201319). Accuracy comparison of the SRTM, ASTER, NED, NEXTMAP\u00ae USA Digital Terrain Model over several USA study sites. Proceedings of the ASPRS\/MAPPS Fall Conference, San Antonia, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsannals-I-4-181-2012","article-title":"Evaluation of ASTER GDEM Ver2 Using GPS Measurements and SRTM Ver4.1 in China","volume":"I-4","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"7","article-title":"Performances evaluation of different open source DEM using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Maire, C., Datcu, M., and Audenino, P. (2003, January 21\u201325). SAR DEM filtering by mean of Bayesian and multi-scale, nonstationary methods. Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Tolouse, France."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/15\/1767\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:10:16Z","timestamp":1760188216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/15\/1767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11151767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11151767","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]}}}