{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:40:09Z","timestamp":1768275609755,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["285421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["285421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a powerful and promising tool for assessing the uncertainties in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite\u2019s carbon dioxide measurements. Previous research in comparing MCMC and Optimal Estimation (OE) for the OCO-2 retrieval has highlighted the issues of slow convergence of MCMC, and furthermore OE and MCMC not necessarily agreeing with the simulated ground truth. In this work, we exploit the inherent low information content of the OCO-2 measurement and use the Likelihood-Informed Subspace (LIS) dimension reduction to significantly speed up the convergence of MCMC. We demonstrate the strength of this analysis method by assessing the non-Gaussian shape of the retrieval\u2019s posterior distribution, and the effect of operational OCO-2 prior covariance\u2019s aerosol parameters on the retrieval. We further show that in our test cases we can use this analysis to improve the retrieval to retrieve the simulated true state significantly more accurately and to characterize the non-Gaussian form of the posterior distribution of the retrieval problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11172061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T03:06:14Z","timestamp":1567479974000},"page":"2061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Accelerated MCMC for Satellite-Based Measurements of Atmospheric CO2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-3925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otto","family":"Lamminp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"}]},{"given":"Jenn\u00fd","family":"Brynjarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7058, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5914-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Braverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9202-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannakaisa","family":"Lindqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Tamminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-6699-2013","article-title":"Global atmospheric carbon budget: Results from an ensemble of atmospheric CO2 inversions","volume":"10","author":"Peylin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2087","article-title":"The Total Carbon Column Observing Network","volume":"369","author":"Wunch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos. 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