{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:36:58Z","timestamp":1775252218275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91747203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91747203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91647108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91647108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In most Asian high mountain areas, ground-based observations of precipitation are sparse. It is urgent to assess and apply satellite precipitation products (SPPs). In recent years, relatively dense rain gauges have been established in five tributaries in Lhasa. Therefore, based on high-density rain gauges, two SPPs (GPM IMERG V05B, TRMM 3B42V7) were evaluated at the grid, region, and time scales with different statistical indices in the five tributaries. Besides, the dependence of SPPs performances on the precipitation intensities, elevation, and slope was investigated. The results indicate that: (1) both 3B42V7 and IMERG showed similarly low correlation with rain gauges at daily scale and high correlation at monthly scale, but 3B42V7 tended to suffer from systematic overestimation of monthly precipitation; (2) IMERG product outperformed 3B42V7 except for obvious overestimation of trace precipitation (0.1~1 mm day\u22121) and underestimation of torrential precipitation (&gt;50 mm day\u22121); (3) the precipitation over the five tributaries showed significant spatial variability with difference of characteristic values (e.g., average daily precipitation) more than 20% in some IMERG grids and most 3B42V7 grids; (4) elevation had an obvious effect on the accuracy of 3B42V7 and IMERG, and the accuracy of the two SPPs decreased significantly with the increase of elevation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T02:59:22Z","timestamp":1567738762000},"page":"2080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Evaluation of GPM IMERG V05B and TRMM 3B42V7 Precipitation Products over High Mountainous Tributaries in Lhasa with Dense Rain Gauges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7014-6262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jintao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9030302","article-title":"Assessment of GPM and TRMM multi-satellite precipitation products in streamflow simulations in a data sparse mountainous watershed in Myanmar","volume":"9","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos6080983","article-title":"Topography and Data Mining Based Methods for Improving Satellite Precipitation in Mountainous Areas of China","volume":"6","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/w10010025","article-title":"Hydrologic Evaluation of Six High Resolution Satellite Precipitation Products in Capturing Extreme Precipitation and Streamflow over a Medium-Sized Basin in China","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.07.048","article-title":"Flash Floods: Observations and analysis of hydro-meteorological controls","volume":"394","author":"Borga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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