{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:55:55Z","timestamp":1768791355019,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1181300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1181300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002850","name":"Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1190805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1190805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus Center for the Study of Multiple\u2013Drivers on Marine Socio\u2013Ecological Systems","award":["ICM MUSELS NC120086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICM MUSELS NC120086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last century, climate change has impacted the physiology, distribution, and phenology of marine and terrestrial primary producers worldwide. The study of these fluctuations has been hindered due to the complex response of plants to environmental forcing over large spatial and temporal scales. To bridge this gap, we investigated the synchrony in seasonal phenological activity between marine and terrestrial primary producers to environmental and climatic variability across northern Patagonia. We disentangled the effects on the biological activity of local processes using advanced time-frequency analysis and partial wavelet coherence on 15 years (2003\u20132017) of data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites and global climatic variability using large-scale climate indices. Our results show that periodic variations in both coastal ocean and land productivity are associated with sea surface temperature forcing over seasonal scales and with climatic forcing over multi-annual (2\u20134 years) modes. These complex relationships indicate that large-scale climatic processes primarily modulate the synchronous phenological seasonal activity across northern Patagonia, which makes these unique ecosystems highly exposed to future climatic change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1568002360000},"page":"2092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Coupled Biospheric Synchrony of the Coastal Temperate Ecosystem in Northern Patagonia: A Remote Sensing Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-7761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Lara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, 8370993 Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Casilla\u20135C, 4051381 Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7972-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Cazelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iGLOBE, UMI CNRS 3157, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"UMMISCO, UMI 209, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9-IRD, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"IBENS, UMR CNRS 8197, Eco-Evolution Math\u00e9matique, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3462-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo S.","family":"Sald\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del B\u00edo-B\u00edo, Casilla\u20135C, 4051381 Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"},{"name":"Centro FONDAP de Investigaci\u00f3n en Din\u00e1mica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), 5090000 Valdivia, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2687-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal P.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Obras Civiles, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, 2390123 Valpara\u00edso, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro L.","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Mag\u00edster en Estad\u00edstica, Facultad de Matem\u00e1ticas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6582-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo R.","family":"Broitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, 2562340 Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409902102","article-title":"Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe","volume":"102","author":"Thuiller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. 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