{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1775209384180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA16202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA16202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air pollution is reported as one of the most severe environmental problems in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Remotely sensed data from newly available TROPOMI - TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument on board Sentinel-5 Precursor, shows an annual mean of high-resolution maps of selected air quality indicators (NO2, CO, O3, and UVAI) of the MENA countries for the first time. The correlation analysis among the aforementioned indicators show the coherency of the air pollutants in urban areas. Multi-year data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations from nine MENA countries are utilized here to study the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent (AE) with other available observations. Additionally, a total of 65 different machine learning models of four categories, namely: linear regression, ensemble, decision tree, and deep neural network (DNN), were built from multiple data sources (MODIS, MISR, OMI, and MERRA-2) to predict the best usable AOD product as compared to AERONET data. DNN validates well against AERONET data and proves to be the best model to generate optimized aerosol products when the ground observations are insufficient. This approach can improve the knowledge of air pollutant variability and intensity in the MENA region for decision makers to operate proper mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1568002360000},"page":"2096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Urban Health Related Air Quality Indicators over the Middle East and North Africa Countries Using Multiple Satellites and AERONET Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Maram","family":"El-Nadry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Moharam Beek, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21522, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Wenzhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational and Data Sciences Graduate Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham","family":"El-Askary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Moharam Beek, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21522, Egypt"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Earth Systems Modeling and Observations, Chapman University, CA 92866, USA"},{"name":"Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4794-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Moharam Beek, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21522, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Alaa Ramadan","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Moharam Beek, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21522, Egypt"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2016). 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