{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:30:22Z","timestamp":1785418222758,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASA Applied Sciences - Water Resources Program","award":["NNH17AE39I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNH17AE39I"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In viticulture, deficit irrigation strategies are often implemented to control vine canopy growth and to impose stress at critical stages of vine growth to improve wine grape quality. To support deficit irrigation scheduling, remote sensing technologies can be employed in the mapping of evapotranspiration (ET) at the field to sub-field scales, quantifying time-varying vineyard water requirements and actual water use. In the current study, we investigate the utility of ET maps derived from thermal infrared satellite imagery over a vineyard in the Central Valley of California equipped with a variable rate drip irrigation (VRDI) system which enables differential water applications at the 30 \u00d7 30 m scale. To support irrigation management at that scale, we utilized a thermal-based multi-sensor data fusion approach to generate weekly total actual ET (ETa) estimates at 30 m spatial resolution, coinciding with the resolution of the Landsat reflectance bands. Crop water requirements (ETc) were defined with a vegetative index (VI)-based approach. To test capacity to capture stress signals, the vineyard was sub-divided into four blocks with different irrigation management strategies and goals, inducing varying degrees of stress during the growing season. Results indicate derived weekly total ET from the thermal-based data fusion approach match well with observations. The thermal-based method was also able to capture the spatial heterogeneity in ET over the vineyard due to a water stress event imposed on two of the four vineyard blocks. This transient stress event was not reflected in the VI-based ETc estimate, highlighting the value of thermal band imaging. While the data fusion system provided valuable information, latency in current satellite data availability, particularly from Landsat, impacts operational applications over the course of a growing season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T10:56:06Z","timestamp":1568285766000},"page":"2124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Using High-Spatiotemporal Thermal Satellite ET Retrievals for Operational Water Use and Stress Monitoring in a California Vineyard"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Knipper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Kustas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha C.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Mar","family":"Alsina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E &amp; J Gallo Winery, Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology, Modesto, CA 95354, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Hain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph G.","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Prueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-2846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn G.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E &amp; J Gallo Winery, Viticulture, Chemistry and Enology, Modesto, CA 95354, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1923(95)02312-7","article-title":"Effects of trellising on the energy balance of a vineyard","volume":"81","author":"Heilman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006714","article-title":"Determination of transpiration in irrigated grapevines: Comparison of the heat-pulse technique with gravimetric and micrometeorological methods","volume":"20","author":"Yunusa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2010.07.011","article-title":"Assessing satellite-based basal crop coefficients for irrigated grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"98","author":"Campos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2010.2055230","article-title":"Mapping evapotranspiration over a Mediterranean vineyard watershed","volume":"8","author":"Galleguillos","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2008.59.1.30","article-title":"Effects of irrigation on the performance of grapevine cv. Tempranillo in Requena, Spain","volume":"59","author":"Intrigliolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Viticult."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2006.57.4.514","article-title":"Vine and berry response of merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) to differential water stress","volume":"57","author":"Shellie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Viticult."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2005.56.1.09","article-title":"Effect of soil moisture availability on Merlot: From leaf water potential to grape composition","volume":"56","author":"Sivilotti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Viticult."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration. Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements-FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, FAO."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.07.031","article-title":"Crop evapotranspiration estimation with FAO56: Past and future","volume":"147","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1061\/JRCEA4.0001372","article-title":"New evapotranspiration crop coefficients","volume":"108","author":"Wright","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Irrig. Draingae Div."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Jackson, R.D., Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., and Pinter, P.J. (1980). Remotely sensed crop temperatures and reflectances as inputs to irrigation scheduling. Irrigation and Drainage: Today\u2019s Challenges, ACSE."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.30463","article-title":"Crop Coefficients Derived from Reflected Canopy Radiation: A Concept","volume":"30","author":"Bausch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)90090-6","article-title":"Relations between evaporation coefficients and vegetation indices studied by model simulations","volume":"50","author":"Choudhury","year":"1994","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-003-0074-6","article-title":"Estimating cotton evapotranspiration crop coefficients with a multispectral vegetation index","volume":"22","author":"Hunsaker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-005-0001-0","article-title":"Wheat basal crop coefficients determined by normalized difference vegetation index","volume":"24","author":"Hunsaker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2005.02.013","article-title":"Monitoring wheat phenology and irrigation in Central Morocco: On the use of relationships between evapotranspiration, crops coefficients, leaf area index and remotely-sensed vegetation indices","volume":"79","author":"Duchemin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2006.02.004","article-title":"Combining FAO-56 model and ground-based remote sensing to estimate water consumptions of wheat crops in a semi-arid region","volume":"87","author":"Chehbouni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2010.06.009","article-title":"Using the dual approach for FAO-56 for partitioning ET into soil and plant components for olive orchards in a semi-arid region","volume":"97","author":"Chehbouni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Water. Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-012-0379-4","article-title":"Crop coefficients and actual evapotranspiration of a drip-irrigated Merlot vineyard using multispectral satellite images","volume":"30","author":"Lagos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5041588","article-title":"Estimating Crop Coefficients Using Remote Sensing-Based Vegetation Index","volume":"5","author":"Kamble","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quattrochi, D.A., and Luvall, J. (2003). Thermal Infrared Measurements as an Indicator of Plant Ecosystem Health. Thermal remote sensing in land surface processes, Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203502174"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.3390\/s8042136","article-title":"Relationship Between Remotely-sensed Vegetation Indices, Canopy Attributes and Plant Physiological Processes: What Vegetation Indices Can and Cannot Tell Us about the Landscape","volume":"8","author":"Glenn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.08.025","article-title":"Use of Landsat thermal imagery in monitoring evapotranspiration and managing water resources","volume":"122","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-14-0017.1","article-title":"Diagnosing neglected moisture sources\/sink processes with a thermal infrared-based Two-Source Energy Balance model","volume":"16","author":"Hain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM-D-12-0144.1","article-title":"Examining Rapid Onset Drought Development Using the Thermal Infrared\u2013Based Evaporative Stress Index","volume":"14","author":"Otkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00215-5","article-title":"A two-source time integrated model for estimating surface fluxes using thermal infrared remote sensing","volume":"60","author":"Andserson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"D10117","article-title":"A climatological study of evapotranspiration and moisture stress across the continental United States: I. Model formulation","volume":"112","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"D11112","article-title":"A climatological study of evapotranspiration and moisture stress across the continental United States: II. Surface moisture climatology","volume":"112","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1221","article-title":"Remote sensing of surface energy fluxes at 101-m pixel resolutions","volume":"39","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1175\/1525-7541(2004)005<0343:AMRSMF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Multiscale Remote Sensing Model for Disaggregating Regional Fluxes to Micrometeorological Scales","volume":"5","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.872081","article-title":"On the blending of the Landsat and MODIS surface reflectance: Predicting daily Landsat surface reflectance","volume":"44","author":"Schwaller","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.11.001","article-title":"Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field scales over rainfed and irrigated agricultural areas using remote sensing data fusion","volume":"186","author":"Cammalleri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, M., Gao, F., Knipper, K., Hain, C., Dulaney, W., Baldocchi, D., Eichelmann, E., Hemes, K., Yang, Y., and Medellin-Azuara, J. (2018). Field-Scale Assessment of Land and Water Use Change over the California Delta Using Remote Sensing. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060889"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, M., Diak, G., Gao, F., Knipper, K., Hain, C., Eichelmann, E., Hemes, K.S., Baldocchi, D., Kustas, W., and Yang, Y. (2019). Impact of Insolation Data Source on Remote Sensing Retrievals of Evapotranspiration over the California Delta. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030216"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.1002\/wrcr.20349","article-title":"A data fusion approach for mapping daily evapotranspiration at field scale","volume":"49","author":"Cammalleri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5298","DOI":"10.1002\/2017WR020700","article-title":"Investigating water use over the Choptank River Watershed using a multi-satellite data fusion approach","volume":"53","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-21-1017-2017","article-title":"Daily Landsat-scale evapotranspiration estimation over a forested landscape in North Carolina, USA, using multi-satellite data fusion","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.02.020","article-title":"Field-scale mapping of evaporative stress indicators of crop yield: An application over Mead, NE, USA","volume":"210","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.10.025","article-title":"Monitoring daily evapotranspiration over two California vineyards using Landsat 8 in a multi-sensor data fusion approach","volume":"185","author":"Semmens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-018-0591-y","article-title":"Evapotranspiration estimates derived using thermal-based satellite remote sensing and data fusion for irrigation management in California vineyards","volume":"37","author":"Knipper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-16-0244.1","article-title":"The Grape Remote Sensing Atmospheric profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX)","volume":"99","author":"Kustas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040470017000772","article-title":"Improving vineyard water use efficiency and yield with variable rate irrigation in California","volume":"8","author":"Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1708(99)00042-1","article-title":"An approximate analytical model for footprint estimation of scalar fluxes in thermally stratified atmospheric flows","volume":"23","author":"Hsieh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"50","article-title":"On the discrepancy between eddy covariance and lysimetry-based turbulent flux measurements under strongly advective conditions","volume":"78","author":"Alfieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(00)00123-4","article-title":"Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland","volume":"103","author":"Twine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2003.08.001","article-title":"A simple and fast atmospheric correction for spaceborne remote sensing of surface temperature","volume":"87","author":"French","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4113287","article-title":"A Data Mining Approach for Sharpening Thermal Satellite Imagery over Land","volume":"4","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2007.907971","article-title":"An Algorithm to Produce Temporally and Spatially Continuous MODIS-LAI Time Series","volume":"5","author":"Wolfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2004.05.006","article-title":"TIMESAT\u2014A program for analyzing time-series of satellite sensor data","volume":"30","author":"Jonsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Berk, A., Bernstein, L.S., and Robertson, D.C. (1989). MODTRAN: A Moderate Resolution Model for LOWTRAN 7, Geophysics Laboratory."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Pruitt, W.O., and Doorenbos, J. (1977, January 26\u201328). Empirical Calibration: A Requisite for Evapotranspiration Formulae Based on Daily or Longer Mean Climatic Data. Proceedings of the ICID International Roundtable Conference on Evapotranspiration. International Commission of Irrigation and Drainage, Budapest, Hungary."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1982.00021962007400060010x","article-title":"Evaluating the crop coefficient using spectral reflectance","volume":"74","author":"Heilman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(05)80004-2","article-title":"Interpreting vegetation indices","volume":"11","author":"Jackson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/02757259509532290","article-title":"Combining remote sensing and modeling for estimating surface evaporation and biomass production","volume":"12","author":"Moran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000484","article-title":"Estimating Water Requirements of an Irrigated Mediterranean Vineyard Using a Satellite-Based Approach","volume":"138","author":"Consoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Irrig. Drain. Eng."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00122-9","article-title":"IRSUTE: A minisatellite project for land surface heat flux estimation from field to regional scale","volume":"68","author":"Sequin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-21-83-2017","article-title":"Effect of the revisit interval and temporal upscaling methods on the accuracy of remotely sensed evapotranspiration estimates","volume":"21","author":"Alfieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guillevic, P.C., Olioso, A., Hook, S.J., Fisher, J.B., Lagouarde, J.-P., and Vermote, E.F. (2019). Impact of the Revisit of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Observations on Evapotranspiration Uncertainty\u2014A Sensitivity Study Using AmeriFlux Data. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11050573"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markham, B.L., Jenstrom, D., Masek, J.G., Dabney, P., Pedelty, J.A., Barsi, J.A., and Montanaro, M. (2016, January 19). Landsat 9: Status and Plans. Proceedings of the SPIE 9972, Earth Observing Systems XXI, 99720G, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2238658"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Fisher, J.B., Hook, R., Allen, R.G., Anderson, M.C., French, A.N., Hain, C.R., Hulley, G., and Wood, E.F. (2014, January 15\u201319). The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS): Science Motivation. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/18\/2124\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:19:31Z","timestamp":1760188771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/18\/2124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11182124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11182124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]}}}