{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1774505931313,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002830","name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3261-3264 CES Theia CartoSols"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3261-3264 CES Theia CartoSols"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002830","name":"Centre National d\u2019Etudes Spatiales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3249 SENTINEL_PLEIADES-CO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3249 SENTINEL_PLEIADES-CO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatial assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major environmental challenge, notably for evaluating soil carbon stocks. Recent works have shown the capability of Sentinel-2 optical data to predict SOC content over temperate agroecosystems characterized by annual crops, using a single acquisition date. Considering a Sentinel-2 time series, this work intends to analyze the impact of acquisition date, and related weather and soil surface conditions on the prediction performance of topsoil SOC content (plough layer). A Sentinel-2 time-series was gathered, comprised of the dates corresponding to both the maximum of bare soil coverage and minimum of cloud coverage. Cross-validated partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were constructed between soil reflectance image spectra, and SOC content analyzed from 329 top soil samples collected over the study area. Cross-validation R2 ranged from 0.005 to 0.58, root mean square error from 5.86 to 3.02 g\u00b7kg\u22121 and residual prediction deviation values from 1.0 to 1.5 (without unit), according to date. The main factors influencing these differences were soil roughness, in conjunction with soil moisture, and the cloud and cloud shadow cover of the entire tile. The best performing dates were spring dates characterized by both lowest soil surface roughness and moisture content. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values below 0.35 did not influence prediction performance. This consolidates the previous results obtained during single date acquisitions and offers wider perspectives for the further use of Sentinel-2 into multidate mosaics for digital soil mapping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T03:17:57Z","timestamp":1568603877000},"page":"2143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["The Impact of Acquisition Date on the Prediction Performance of Topsoil Organic Carbon from Sentinel-2 for Croplands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Vaudour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2986-430X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LISAH, University of Montpellier, INRA-IRD-SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, IRD, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7062-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Loiseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, InfoSol Unit, US 1106, 45075 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Baghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irstea, University of Montpellier, UMR TETIS, 500 rue Fran\u00e7ois Breton, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Loubet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Arrouays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, InfoSol Unit, US 1106, 45075 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}]},{"given":"Le\u00efla","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France"},{"name":"LISAH, University of Montpellier, INRA-IRD-SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lagacherie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LISAH, University of Montpellier, INRA-IRD-SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.01.002","article-title":"Soil carbon 4 per mille","volume":"292","author":"Minasny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2019.02.008","article-title":"Soil Carbon\u20144 per Mille\u2014An introduction","volume":"188","author":"Arrouays","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2017.12.002","article-title":"Matching policy and science: Rationale for the \u20184 per 1000 - soils for food security and climate\u2019 initiative","volume":"188","author":"Soussana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(99)00107-5","article-title":"Relationship of soil organic matter dynamics to physical protection and tillage","volume":"53","author":"Balesdent","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2018.04.011","article-title":"Increasing organic stocks in agricultural soils: Knowledge gaps and potential innovations","volume":"188","author":"Chenu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2005.03.007","article-title":"Visible, near infrared, mid infrared or combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for simultaneous assessment of various soil properties","volume":"131","author":"Walvoort","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2009.01178.x","article-title":"Assessment and monitoring of soil quality using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)","volume":"60","author":"Gomez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. 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