{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:05:25Z","timestamp":1770152725907,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry are frequently used for very high-resolution mapping of land surface. These techniques require a good strategy of mapping to provide full visibility of all areas otherwise the resulting data will contain areas with no data (data shadows). Especially, deglaciated rugged alpine terrain with abundant large boulders, vertical rock faces and polished roche-moutones surfaces complicated by poor accessibility for terrestrial mapping are still a challenge. In this paper, we present a novel methodological approach based on a combined use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for generating a high-resolution point cloud and digital elevation model (DEM) of a complex alpine terrain. The approach is demonstrated using a small study area in the upper part of a deglaciated valley in the Tatry Mountains, Slovakia. The more accurate TLS point cloud was supplemented by the UAV point cloud in areas with insufficient TLS data coverage. The accuracy of the iterative closest point adjustment of the UAV and TLS point clouds was in the order of several centimeters but standard deviation of the mutual orientation of TLS scans was in the order of millimeters. The generated high-resolution DEM was compared to SRTM DEM, TanDEM-X and national DMR3 DEM products confirming an excellent applicability in a wide range of geomorphologic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11182154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T03:31:46Z","timestamp":1568691106000},"page":"2154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Combined Use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV Photogrammetry in Mapping Alpine Terrain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"\u0160a\u0161ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Gallay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1n","family":"Ka\u0148uk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7691-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Hofierka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jozef","family":"Min\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to capture micro-topography of Antarctic moss beds","volume":"27","author":"Lucier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2010.03.014","article-title":"Impact of DEM accuracy and resolution on topographic indices","volume":"25","author":"Vaze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2112629","article-title":"DEM development from ground-based LiDAR data: A method to remove non-surface objects","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.08.015","article-title":"Assessing modern ground survey methods and airborne laser scanning for digital terrain modelling: A case study from the Lake District, England","volume":"51","author":"Gallay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Vosselman, G., and Mass, H.G. (2010). Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Whittles Publishing. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Shan, J., and Toth, C.K. (2009). Topographic Laser Ranging and Scanning, CRC Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsg.2017.04.004","article-title":"LiDAR, UAV or compass-clinometer? Accuracy, coverage and the effects on structural models","volume":"98","author":"Cawood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Struct. Geol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2012.06.014","article-title":"Rock bench: Establishing a common repository and standards for assessing rockmass characteristics using LiDAR and photogrammetry","volume":"50","author":"Lato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemmens, M. (2011). Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Geo-informations, Geotechnologies and the Environment, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-1667-4_6"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2011.01.005","article-title":"Scanning geometry: Influencing factor on the quality of terrestrial laser scanning points","volume":"66","author":"Soudarissanane","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5038\/1827-806X.44.3.6","article-title":"Large-scale and high-resolution 3-D cave mapping by terrestrial laser scanning: A case study of the Domica Cave, Slovakia","volume":"44","author":"Gallay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Speleol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70201877","article-title":"Terrestrial Laser Scanning as an Effective Tool to Retrieve Tree Level Height, Crown Width, and Stem Diameter","volume":"7","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"122","article-title":"Accuracy of tree diameter estimation from terrestrial laser scanning by circle-fitting methods","volume":"63","author":"Bucha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.02.062","article-title":"Reconstruction of extreme topography from UAV structure from motion photogrammetry","volume":"121","year":"2018","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2014.01.006","article-title":"Modelling the topography of shallow braided rivers using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry","volume":"213","author":"Javernick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6880","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5126880","article-title":"Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for High-Resolution Reconstruction of Topography: The Structure from Motion Approach on Coastal Environments","volume":"5","author":"Mancini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-010-0086-5","article-title":"Bias correction for view-limited lidar scanning of rock outcrops for structural characterization","volume":"43","author":"Lato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rock Mech. Rock Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1130\/GES00139.1","article-title":"Outcrop fracture characterization using terrestrial laser scanners: Deep-water Jackfork sandstone at Big Rock Quarry, Arkansas","volume":"4","author":"Olariu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geosphere"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"97","article-title":"Mapping landslide displacements using Structure from Motion (SfM) and image correlation of multi-temporal UAV photography","volume":"38","author":"Lucieer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Jasiewicz, J., Zwoli\u0144ski, Z., Mitasova, H., and Hengl, T. (2015). Combining LiDAR data with field mapping and Schmidt-hammer relative age dating\u2014Examples from Babia G\u00f3ra range (Western Carpathians, Poland). Geomorphometry for Geosciences, Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"51","article-title":"Quantification, analysis and modelling of soil erosion on steep slopes using LiDAR and UAV photographs","volume":"Volume 367","author":"Alison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sediment Dynamics from the Summit to the Sea"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, S.D., Roy, D.P., Schaaf, C.B., and Paynter, I. (2017). Examination of the potential of terrestrial laser scanning and structure-from-motion photogrammetry for rapid non-destructive field measurement of grass biomass. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9060531"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"57","article-title":"Generation of visually aesthetic and detailed 3D models of historical cities by using laser scanning and digital photogrammetry","volume":"8","author":"Fritsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Digit. Appl. Archaeol. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4995\/var.2013.4306","article-title":"3D surveying and modelling of the Archaeological area of Paestum, Italy","volume":"4","author":"Fiorillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virtual Archaeol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2014.02.016","article-title":"The evaluation of unmanned aerial system-based photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning to generate DEMs of agricultural watersheds","volume":"214","author":"Debouche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.3787","article-title":"Assessing the performance of structure-from-motion photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR for reconstructing soil surface microtopography of naturally vegetated plots","volume":"41","author":"Nouwakpo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1130\/GES01342.1","article-title":"A comparison of terrestrial laser scanning and structure-from-motion photogrammetry as methods for digital outcrop acquisition","volume":"12","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geosphere"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6382","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5126382","article-title":"Seamless Mapping of River Channels at High Resolution Using Mobile LiDAR and UAV-Photography","volume":"5","author":"Flener","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2011.03.012","article-title":"UAV-based remote sensing of the Super-Sauze landslide: Evaluation and results","volume":"128","author":"Niethammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19479832.2016.1160960","article-title":"Advances in fusion of optical imagery and LiDAR point cloud applied to photogrammetry and remote sensing","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Image Data Fus."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podg\u00f3rski, J., Kinnard, C., Petlicki, M., and Urrutia, R. (2019). Performance assessment of Tandem-X DEM for mountain glacier elevation change detection. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11020187"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-10-1075-2016","article-title":"Mapping snow depth in alpine terrain with unmanned aerial systems (UAS): Potential and limitations","volume":"10","author":"Adams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-018-1843-8","article-title":"Automated snow extent mapping based on orthophoto images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","volume":"175","author":"Niedzielski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/ppp.467","article-title":"Terrain analyses and surface velocity measurements of the Hiorthfjellet Rock glacier, Svalbard","volume":"14","author":"Isaken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Permafr. Periglac. Process."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6860-x","article-title":"Modelling of landslide topography based on micro-unmanned aerial vehicle photography and structure-from-motion","volume":"76","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabatel, A., Deline, P., Jaillet, S., and Ravanel, L. (2008). Rock falls in high-alpine rock walls quantified by terrestrial lidar measurements: A case study in the Mont Blanc area. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35.","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL033424"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaud, M., Passot, S., Le Bivic, R., Delacourt, C., Grandjean, P., and Le Dantec, N. (2016). Assessing the Accuracy of High Resolution Digital Surface Models Computed by PhotoScan\u00ae and MicMac\u00ae in Sub-Optimal Survey Conditions. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8060465"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balsa-Bareiro, J., and Fritsch, D. (2015, January 14\u201316). Generation of 3D\/4D photorealistic building models. The testbed area for 4D cultural heritage world project: The Historical center of Calw (Germany). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Visual Computing, Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-27857-5_33"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10413","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110413","article-title":"Tridimensional Reconstruction Applied to Cultural Heritage with the Use of Camera-Equipped UAV and Terrestrial Laser Scanner","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2015.07.015","article-title":"Geomorphological evidence and 10Be exposure ages for the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation of the Ve\u013ek\u00e1 and Mal\u00e1 Studen\u00e1 dolina valleys in the High Tatra Mountains, central Europe","volume":"124","author":"Engel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quat. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Nem\u010dok, J., Bez\u00e1k, V., Biely, A., Gorek, A., Gross, P., Halouzka, R., Jan\u00e1k, M., Kahan, \u0160., Mello, J., and Reichwalder, P. (1994). Geological Map of the High Tatra Mountains 1:50 000 Scale, State Geological Institute of Dion\u00fdz \u0160t\u00far."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Lukni\u0161, M. (1973). Reli\u00e9f Vysok\u00fdch Tatier a ich predpolia, Vydavate\u013estvo Slovenskej akad\u00e9mie vied."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Bochn\u00ed\u010dek, O. (2015). Climate Atlas of Slovakia, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Ministry of Environment of Slovak Republic (2002). Z\u00e1kon 543 o ochrane pr\u00edrody a krajiny. Zbierka Z\u00e1konov Slovenskej Republiky, Ministry of Environment of Slovak Republic."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.01.019","article-title":"Probability iterative closest point algorithm for m-D point set registration with noise","volume":"157","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"298","article-title":"Using hybrid multi-station adjustment for an integrated camera laser-scanner system","volume":"1","author":"Ullrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt. 3-D Meas. Tech. IV"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9671.00101","article-title":"Multivariate Interpolation of Precipitation Using Regularized Spline with Tension","volume":"6","author":"Hofierka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans. GIS"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2017.07.007","article-title":"Parallelization of interpolation, solar radiation and water flow simulation modules in GRASS GIS using OpenMP","volume":"107","author":"Hofierka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00893171","article-title":"Interpolation with regularized spline with tension: I. Theory and implementation","volume":"25","year":"1993","journal-title":"Math. Geol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00893172","article-title":"Interpolation with regularized spline with tension: II. Application to terrain modelling and surface geometry analysis","volume":"25","author":"Hofierka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Math. Geol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-20-1827-2016","article-title":"Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channel mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning","volume":"20","author":"Gallay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Polthier, K., and Sheffer, A. (2006). Poisson reconstruction. Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, The Eurographics Association."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second [Data set] (2019, September 06). USGS Earth Explorer home page, Available online: https:\/\/earthexplorer.usgs.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2005RG000183","article-title":"The shuttle radar topography mission","volume":"45","author":"Farr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.72.3.249","article-title":"A global assessment of the SRTM performance","volume":"72","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2014.2318895","article-title":"TanDEM-X: The new global DEM takes shape","volume":"2","author":"Zink","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Mag."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.02.017","article-title":"Accuraccy assessment of the global TanDEM-X digital elevation model with GPS data","volume":"139","author":"Wessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.04.043","article-title":"Evaluation of TanDEM-X DEMs on selected Brazilian sites: Comparison with SRTM, ASTER GDEM and ALOS AW3D30","volume":"212","author":"Grohmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.02.028","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of ASTER, SRTM, ALOS, and TDX DEMs for Hispaniola and implications for mapping vulnerability to coastal flooding","volume":"225","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.903355","article-title":"Empirical study of variation in lidar point density over different land covers","volume":"35","author":"Lerma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Centralny O\u015brodek Dokumentacji Geodezyjnej i Kartograficznej (2019, August 01). Numeryczne Dane Wysoko\u015bciowe (Numerical height data), Available online: http:\/\/www.gugik.gov.pl\/pzgik\/zamow-dane\/numeryczne-dane-wysokosciowe."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4995\/var.2017.6405","article-title":"Delivering and using 3D models on the web: Are we ready?","volume":"8","author":"Scopigno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virtual Archaeol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Rapidlasso GmbH (2019, August 01). LAStools. Available online: https:\/\/rapidlasso.com\/lastools\/."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2019, August 01). Potree. Available online: http:\/\/www.potree.org\/."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Schuetz, M. (2016). Potree: Rendering Large Point Clouds in Web Browsers. [Engineer Diploma Thesis, Vienna University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Scheiblauer, C. (2014). Interactions with Gigantic Point Clouds. [Ph.D. Thesis, Vienna University of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2018.03.002","article-title":"Which DEM is best for analysing fluvial landscape development in mountains terrains?","volume":"310","author":"Boulton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"e27075v1","article-title":"Physically-based land surface segmentation: Theoretical background and outline of interpretations","volume":"6","author":"Bandura","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ Prepr."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/18\/2154\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:20:33Z","timestamp":1760188833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/18\/2154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11182154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11182154","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]}}}