{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:45:53Z","timestamp":1784544353126,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFC0503002,2017YFB0504102,2017YFB0504105]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0503002,2017YFB0504102,2017YFB0504105]"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41571077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41571077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatiotemporal changes of open-surface water bodies in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) have profound influences on sustainable economic development, and are also closely relevant to water scarcity in China. However, long-term changes of open-surface water bodies in the YRB have remained poorly characterized. Taking advantage of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, this study processed 75,593 scenes of Landsat images to investigate the long-term changes of open-surface water bodies in the YRB from 1984 to 2018. In this study, we adopted the percentile-based image composite method to collect training samples and proposed a multiple index water detection rule (MIWDR) to quickly extract the open-surface water bodies. The results indicated that (1) the MIWDR is suitable for the long-term and large-scale Landsat water bodies mapping, especially in the urban regions. (2) The areas of permanent water bodies and seasonal water bodies were 29,076.70 km2 and 21,526.24 km2, accounting for 57.46% and 42.54% of the total open-surface water bodies in the YRB, respectively. (3) The permanent water bodies in the YRB increased along with the decreases in the seasonal water bodies from 1984 to 2018. In general, the total open-surface surface water bodies in the YRB experienced an increasing trend, with an obvious spatial heterogeneity. (4) The changes of open-surface water bodies were associated with the climate changes and intense human activities in the YRB, however, the influences varied among different regions and need to be further investigated in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11192213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T03:26:32Z","timestamp":1569209192000},"page":"2213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Long-Term Changes of Open-Surface Water Bodies in the Yangtze River Basin Based on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1352-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiguo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community and Regional Planning Program, College of Architecture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"},{"name":"School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/387253a0","article-title":"The value of the world\u2019s ecosystem services and natural capital","volume":"387","author":"Costanza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, E.F., Roundy, J.K., Troy, T.J., van Beek, L.P.H., Bierkens, M.F.P., Blyth, E., de Roo, A., D\u00f6ll, P., Ek, M., and Famiglietti, J. 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