{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:33:39Z","timestamp":1770222819547,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development","award":["162898\/2015-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["162898\/2015-0"]}]},{"name":"National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development","award":["441934\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["441934\/2018-8"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/09308-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/09308-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/01389-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/01389-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/10137-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/10137-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/21164-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/21164-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6123\/2015-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6123\/2015-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fire occurrence is a major disturbance in the Brazilian Cerrado, which is driven by both natural and anthropogenic activities. Despite increasing efforts for monitoring the Cerrado, a biome-scale study for quantifying and understanding the variability of fire emissions is still needed. We aimed at characterizing and finding trends in Particulate Matter with diameter less than 2.5 \u00b5m (PM2.5) fire emissions in the Brazilian Cerrado using the PREP-CHEM-SRC emissions preprocessing tool and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fires datasets for the 2002\u20132017 period. Our results showed that, on average, the Cerrado emitted 1.08 Tg year\u22121 of PM2.5 associated with fires, accounting for 25% and 15% of the PM2.5 fire emissions in Brazil and South America, respectively. Most of the PM2.5 fire emissions were concentrated in the end of the dry season (August, 0.224 Tg month\u22121 and September, 0.386 Tg month\u22121) and in the transitional month (October, 0.210 Tg month\u22121). Annually, 66% of the total emissions occurred over the savanna land cover; however, active fires that were detected in the evergreen broadleaf land cover tended to emit more than active fires occurring in the savanna land cover. Spatially, each 0.1\u00b0 grid cell emitted, on average, 0.5 Mg km\u22122 year\u22121 of PM2.5 associated with fires, but the values can reach to 16.6 Mg km\u22122 year\u22121 in a single cell. Higher estimates of PM2.5 emissions associated with fires were mostly concentrated in the northern region, which is the current agricultural expansion frontier in this biome. When considering the entire Cerrado, we found an annual decreasing trend representing -1.78% of the annual average PM2.5 emitted from fires during the period analyzed, however, the grid cell analysis found annual trends representing \u00b1 35% of the annual average PM2.5 fire emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11192254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1569582875000},"page":"2254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Characterization and Trends of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Fire Emissions in the Brazilian Cerrado during 2002\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Augusto Verola","family":"Mataveli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6067-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisa Siqueira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniela de Azeredo","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-8283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel Alan","family":"Brunsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS 64045, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS 64045, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4775-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francielle da Silva","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei (UFSJ), S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei 36307-352, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei (UFSJ), S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o del-Rei 36307-352, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Miller, H.L. (2007). Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11707","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-11707-2010","article-title":"Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997\u20132009)","volume":"10","author":"Randerson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-9-697-2017","article-title":"Global fire emissions estimates during 1997\u20132016","volume":"9","author":"Randerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-2843-2009","article-title":"The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS)\u2014Part 1: Model description and evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Freitas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.03.011","article-title":"Atmospheric composition in the Eastern Mediterranean: Influence of biomass burning during summertime using the WRF-Chem model","volume":"132","author":"Bossioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-5785-2010","article-title":"The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS)\u2014Part 2: Model sensitivity to the biomass burning inventories","volume":"10","author":"Longo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.025","article-title":"A review of biomass burning: Emissions and impacts on air quality, health and climate in China","volume":"579","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104422","article-title":"Estimated global mortality attributable to smoke from landscape fires","volume":"120","author":"Johnston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11024-3","article-title":"Biomass burning in the Amazon region causes DNA damage and cell death in human lung cells","volume":"7","author":"Vessoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Su, H., and Jiang, J.H. (2011). Regional simulations of deep convection and biomass burning over South America: Biomass burning aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 116.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016106"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095005","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/9\/095005","article-title":"Biomass burning, land-cover change, and the hydrological cycle in Northern sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"11","author":"Ichoku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"951","article-title":"On the effects of wildfires on precipitation in Southern Africa","volume":"52","author":"Okin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23733","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v66.23733","article-title":"Modelling of long-range transport of Southeast Asia biomass burning aerosols to Taiwan and their radiative forcings over East Asia","volume":"66","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tellus B Chem. Phys. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1071\/WF03023","article-title":"Fire impacts on surface heat, moisture and carbon fluxes from a tropical savanna in northern Australia","volume":"12","author":"Beringer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Wildland Fire"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"National Research Council Committee on Air Quality Management in the United States (2004). Air Quality Management in the United States, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Werf, G.R., Randerson, J.T., Giglio, L., Gobron, N., and Dolman, A.J. (2008). Climate controls on the variability of fires in the tropics and subtropics. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 22.","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GB003122"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118648109","article-title":"Evolution of human-driven fire regimes in Africa","volume":"109","author":"Archibald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-13-267-2016","article-title":"Climate, CO2 and human population impacts on global wildfire emissions","volume":"13","author":"Knorr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.0701024","article-title":"The Use of Fire in the Cerrado and Amazonian Rainforests of Brazil: Past and Present","volume":"7","author":"Pivello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arruda, F.V.D., Sousa, D.G.D., Teresa, F.B., Prado, V.H.M.D., Cunha, H.F.D., and Izzo, T.J. (2018). Trends and gaps of the scientific literature about the effects of fire on Brazilian Cerrado. Biota Neotrop., 18.","DOI":"10.1590\/1676-0611-bn-2017-0426"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4071929","article-title":"Distribution Patterns of Burned Areas in the Brazilian Biomes: An Analysis Based on Satellite Data for the 2002\u20132010 Period","volume":"4","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15782","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71115782","article-title":"An Algorithm for Burned Area Detection in the Brazilian Cerrado Using 4 \u00b5m MODIS Imagery","volume":"7","author":"Libonati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"94","article-title":"Satellite-based automated burned area detection: A performance assessment of the MODIS MCD45A1 in the Brazilian savanna","volume":"36","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nogueira, J., Rambal, S., Barbosa, J., and Mouillot, F. (2017). Spatial Pattern of the Seasonal Drought\/Burned Area Relationship across Brazilian Biomes: Sensitivity to Drought Metrics and Global Remote-Sensing Fire Products. Climate, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/cli5020042"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-18-125-2018","article-title":"Satellite observations for describing fire patterns and climate-related fire drivers in the Brazilian savannas","volume":"18","author":"Mataveli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Sys."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4108","article-title":"A human-driven decline in global burned area","volume":"356","author":"Andela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03838-0","article-title":"Reduction in global area burned and wildfire emissions since 1930s enhances carbon uptake by land","volume":"9","author":"Arora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD027749","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability and Trends in 2001-2016 Global Fire Activity","volume":"123","author":"Earl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GB005787","article-title":"Trends and Variability of Global Fire Emissions Due To Historical Anthropogenic Activities","volume":"32","author":"Ward","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14654-9","article-title":"Rare, Intense, Big fires dominate the global tropics under drier conditions","volume":"7","author":"Hantson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025004","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa5986","article-title":"Forest carbon emissions from cropland expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado biome","volume":"12","author":"Noojipady","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, A., Pereira, J., Libonati, R., Oom, D., Setzer, A., Morelli, F., Machado-Silva, F., and de Carvalho, L. (2017). Burned Area Mapping in the Brazilian Savanna Using a One-Class Support Vector Machine Trained by Active Fires. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9111161"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wooster, M.J., Roberts, G., Perry, G.L.W., and Kaufman, Y.J. (2005). Retrieval of biomass combustion rates and totals from fire radiative power observations: FRP derivation and calibration relationships between biomass consumption and fire radiative energy release. J. Geophys. Res., 110.","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006318"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o dos modelos de emiss\u00e3o 3BEM e 3BEM_FRP no estado de Rond\u00f4nia","volume":"67","author":"Cardozo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cart."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, G., Wooster, M.J., Perry, G.L.W., Drake, N., Rebelo, L.M., and Dipotso, F. (2005). Retrieval of biomass combustion rates and totals from fire radiative power observations: Application to southern Africa using geostationary SEVIRI imagery. J. Geophys. Res., 110.","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JD006018"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6961","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-6961-2016","article-title":"Assessment of fire emission inventories during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) experiment","volume":"16","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.02.054","article-title":"The collection 6 MODIS active fire detection algorithm and fire products","volume":"178","author":"Giglio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-10-189-2017","article-title":"The Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS 5.2): An integrated environmental model tuned for tropical areas","volume":"10","author":"Freitas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-4-419-2011","article-title":"PREP-CHEM-SRC\u20141.0: A preprocessor of trace gas and aerosol emission fields for regional and global atmospheric chemistry models","volume":"4","author":"Freitas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Santos, P.R. (2018). Desenvolvimento e Implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do Ciclo Diurno da Queima de Biomassa no PREP-CHEM-SRC: An\u00e1lise dos Invent\u00e1rios de Emiss\u00f5es de Aeross\u00f3is na Am\u00e9rica do Sul. [Master\u2019s Thesis, National Institute for Space Research]."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"IBGE (2019, January 08). Brazilian Biomes, Available online: https:\/\/downloads.ibge.gov.br\/downloads_geociencias.htm."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12559","article-title":"The need for a consistent fire policy for Cerrado conservation","volume":"53","author":"Durigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.08.016","article-title":"MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets","volume":"114","author":"Friedl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027","article-title":"Fully coupled \u201conline\u201d chemistry within the WRF model","volume":"39","author":"Grell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6643","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-6643-2014","article-title":"Global top-down smoke-aerosol emissions estimation using satellite fire radiative power measurements","volume":"14","author":"Ichoku","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-527-2012","article-title":"Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power","volume":"9","author":"Kaiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Darmenov, A.S., and da Silva, A.M. (2015). The Quick Fire Emissions Dataset (QFED): Documentation of Versions 2.1, 2.2 and 2.4."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Wilks, D.S. (2006). Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Elservier. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024007","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aaf6db","article-title":"What causes deforestation in Indonesia?","volume":"14","author":"Austin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fearnside, P.M. (2002). Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil. Environ. Conserv., 28.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892901000030"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooghiemstra, P.B., Krol, M.C., van Leeuwen, T.T., van der Werf, G.R., Novelli, P.C., Deeter, M.N., Aben, I., and R\u00f6ckmann, T. (2012). Interannual variability of carbon monoxide emission estimates over South America from 2006 to 2010. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 117.","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD017758"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fidelis, A., Alvarado, S., Barradas, A., and Pivello, V. (2018). The Year 2017: Megafires and Management in the Cerrado. Fire, 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/fire1030049"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13118","article-title":"Fire management in the Brazilian savanna: First steps and the way forward","volume":"55","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s002670010124","article-title":"Lightning fires in a brazilian savanna national park: Rethinking management strategies","volume":"26","author":"Pivello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"213","article-title":"Clima da regi\u00e3o Nordeste do Brasil","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tempo e Clima no Brasil"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12836","article-title":"Climate seasonality as an essential predictor of global fire activity","volume":"28","author":"Saha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.03.007","article-title":"Satellite contributions to the quantitative characterization of biomass burning for climate modeling","volume":"111","author":"Ichoku","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD026840","article-title":"Mitigating Satellite-Based Fire Sampling Limitations in Deriving Biomass Burning Emission Rates: Application to WRF-Chem Model Over the Northern sub-Saharan African Region","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darbyshire, E., Morgan, W.T., Allan, J.D., Liu, D., Flynn, M.J., Dorsey, J.R., O\u2019shea, S.J., Lowe, D., Szpek, K., and Marenco, F. (2018). The vertical distribution of biomass burning pollution over tropical South America from aircraft in situ measurements during SAMBBA. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 1\u201326.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-2018-921"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"INPE (2019, January 08). TerraClass Cerrado Project: Mapping Land-Use and Land-Cover in the Cerrado. Available online: http:\/\/www.dpi.inpe.br\/tccerrado\/."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyer, E.J., and Reid, J.S. (2009). Baseline uncertainties in biomass burning emission models resulting from spatial error in satellite active fire location data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36.","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL036767"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S.S., Roy, D.P., Boschetti, L., and Kremens, R. (2011). Exploiting the power law distribution properties of satellite fire radiative power retrievals: A method to estimate fire radiative energy and biomass burned from sparse satellite observations. J. Geophys. Res., 116.","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD015676"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13298","article-title":"Land-use change affects water recycling in Brazil\u2019s last agricultural frontier","volume":"22","author":"Spera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"INPE (2019, January 08). Cerrado Monitoring Project. Available online: http:\/\/www.obt.inpe.br\/cerrado\/."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa0181","article-title":"Environment and development. Brazil\u2019s Soy Moratorium","volume":"347","author":"Gibbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.3390\/rs2041057","article-title":"Studies on the Rapid Expansion of Sugarcane for Ethanol Production in S\u00e3o Paulo State (Brazil) Using Landsat Data","volume":"2","author":"Rudorff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04687-7","article-title":"Emissions mitigation opportunities for savanna countries from early dry season fire management","volume":"9","author":"Wolff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/19\/2254\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:25:01Z","timestamp":1760189101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/19\/2254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11192254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11192254","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]}}}