{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:53:29Z","timestamp":1770292409031,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2014\/00215-0; #2016\/01413-5, #2013\/50155-0; #2010\/52113-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2014\/00215-0; #2016\/01413-5, #2013\/50155-0; #2010\/52113-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006162","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ 0062-1.07\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 0062-1.07\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#483223\/2011- 5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#483223\/2011- 5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigating the timing of key phenological events across environments with variable seasonality is crucial to understand the drivers of ecosystem dynamics. Leaf production in the tropics is mainly constrained by water and light availability. Identifying the factors regulating leaf phenology patterns allows efficiently forecasting of climate change impacts. We conducted a novel phenological monitoring study across four Neotropical vegetation sites using leaf phenology time series obtained from digital repeated photographs (phenocameras). Seasonality differed among sites, from very seasonally dry climate in the caatinga dry scrubland with an eight-month long dry season to the less restrictive Cerrado vegetation with a six-month dry season. To unravel the main drivers of leaf phenology and understand how they influence seasonal dynamics (represented by the green color channel (Gcc) vegetation index), we applied Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMMs) to estimate the growing seasons, using water deficit and day length as covariates. Our results indicated that plant-water relationships are more important in the caatinga, while light (measured as day-length) was more relevant in explaining leafing patterns in Cerrado communities. Leafing behaviors and predictor-response relationships (distinct smooth functions) were more variable at the less seasonal Cerrado sites, suggesting that different life-forms (grasses, herbs, shrubs, and trees) are capable of overcoming drought through specific phenological strategies and associated functional traits, such as deep root systems in trees.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11192267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T05:58:33Z","timestamp":1569823113000},"page":"2267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Leafing Patterns and Drivers across Seasonally Dry Tropical Communities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4835-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Alberton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fenologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, S\u00e3o Paulo 13506-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9772-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"da Silva Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8174-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Sanna Freire Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\u00edsica e Ci\u00eancias Atmosf\u00e9ricas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-090, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Magna","family":"S. B. Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria, Embrapa Semi\u00e1rido, Petrolina, Pernambuco 56302-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Morellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fenologia, Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, S\u00e3o Paulo 13506-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1139\/b95-020","article-title":"Phenology of tropical forests: Patterns, causes, and consequences","volume":"73","author":"Reich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. 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