{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:20:20Z","timestamp":1783610420489,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]],"date-time":"2019-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["BK20171286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20171286"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of China","award":["2015BAD01B03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAD01B03"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["BE2015337-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2015337-11"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China","award":["2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, a large number of salterns have been converted into rice fields in the coastal region of Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. The high spatial heterogeneity of soil salinity has caused large within-field variabilities in grain yield of rice. The identification of low-yield areas within a field is an important initial step for precision farming. While optical satellite remote sensing can provide valuable information on crop growth and yield potential, the availability of cloud-free optical image data is often hampered by unfavorable weather conditions. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) offers an alternative due to its nearly day-and-night and all-weather capability in data acquisition. Given the free data access of the Sentinels, this study aimed at developing a Sentinel-1A-based SAR index for rice yield estimation. The proposed SAR simple difference (SSD) index uses the change of the Sentinel-1A backscatter in vertical-horizontal (VH) polarization between the end of the tillering stage and the end of grain filling stage (SSDVH). A strong exponential relationship has been identified between the SSDVH and rice yield, producing accurate yield estimation with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.74 t ha\u22121 and a relative error (RE) of 7.93%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11192274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T05:58:33Z","timestamp":1569823113000},"page":"2274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Field-Scale Rice Yield Estimation Using Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Data in Coastal Saline Region of Jiangsu Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qixing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuliang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guisheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qigen","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology\/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Spatial pattern change of the cultivated land before and after the second national land survey in China","volume":"32","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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