{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T04:26:18Z","timestamp":1767155178624,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main goal of the paper is to verify the impact of the absorption of European Union (EU) grants on land cover changes in Polish municipalities in the years 2012\u20132018. The selection of the research area was justified by the fact that Poland is the largest and significantly spatially differentiated transition economy in Central-Eastern Europe, recognised as a substantial beneficiary of EU accession in 2004. The time range of analysis was set as the result of a comparison of data availability in Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Statistics Poland. The CLC dataset referring to land cover and land use changes between 2012 and 2018 was used. The focus on modifications taking place within one of the main land cover groups at level 3 of detail was applied in this research. These changes were analysed as percentages referring to the area of the municipality and to the total area of changes in the investigated period. Two categories of EU grants were considered: total and infrastructural (granted under EU Operational Programme \u201cInfrastructure and Environment\u201d). Moreover, some control economic, social, demographic, institutional, infrastructural, and environmental variables were applied to better explain land cover changes. Moran\u2019s local statistic was employed to detect spatial hot-spots of EU grants absorption, as well as hot-spots of land cover changes. Then, a collection of various variables related to determinants of land cover changes was set. Economic factors, including EU grants absorption, as well as factors related to accessibility, agrarian structure, demography, environment, and spatial planning were investigated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to convert the set of all considered variables into a set of few uncorrelated predictors. Finally, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was applied to describe the spatially varied impact of investigated determinants, including EU grants, represented by estimated principal components on land cover changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11202359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T10:53:03Z","timestamp":1570791183000},"page":"2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Impact of EU Grants Absorption on Land Cover Changes\u2014The Case of Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Le\u015bniewska-Napiera\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Kopci\u0144skiego31, 90-142 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5182-9770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Nalej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Kopci\u0144skiego31, 90-142 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6407-5197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Napiera\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Kopci\u0144skiego31, 90-142 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.04.011","article-title":"Land-use changes and land policies evolution in China\u2019s urbanization processes","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.04.030","article-title":"Mapping and modelling past and future land use change in Europe\u2019s cultural landscapes","volume":"80","author":"Schulp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.06.017","article-title":"Land use and land cover changes in post-socialist countries: Some observations from Hungary and Poland","volume":"78","author":"Cegielska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2019.04.025","article-title":"Changes in land use in the communes crossed by the A4 motorway in Poland","volume":"85","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"37","article-title":"Land use and land cover (LULC) classification using Spot-5 image in the Adapazari plain and its surroundings, Turkey","volume":"2","author":"Ikiel","year":"2012","journal-title":"TOJSAT\u2014Online J. 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