{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T03:44:30Z","timestamp":1781581470799,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]],"date-time":"2019-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771463, 41771469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771463, 41771469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Major Science and Technology Project","award":["18030701209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18030701209"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fusarium head blight (FHB), one of the most important diseases of wheat, mainly occurs in the ear. Given that the severity of the disease cannot be accurately identified, the cost of pesticide application increases every year, and the agricultural ecological environment is also polluted. In this study, a neural network (NN) method was proposed based on the red-green-blue (RGB) image to segment wheat ear and disease spot in the field environment, and then to determine the disease grade. Firstly, a segmentation dataset of single wheat ear was constructed to provide a benchmark for the segmentation of the wheat ear. Secondly, a segmentation model of single wheat ear based on the fully convolutional network (FCN) was established to effectively realize the segmentation of the wheat ear in the field environment. An FHB segmentation algorithm was proposed based on a pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) with K-means clustering of the improved artificial bee colony (IABC) to segment the diseased spot of wheat ear by automatic optimization of PCNN parameters. Finally, the disease grade was calculated using the ratio of the disease spot to the whole wheat ear. The experimental results show that: (1) the accuracy of the segmentation model for single wheat ear constructed in this study is 0.981. The segmentation time is less than 1 s, indicating that the model can quickly and accurately segment wheat ear in the field environment; (2) the segmentation method of the disease spot performed under each evaluation indicator is improved compared with the traditional segmentation methods, and the accuracy is 0.925 in the disease severity identification. These research results can provide important reference value for grading wheat FHB in the field environment, which also can be beneficial for real-time monitoring of other crops\u2019 diseases under near-Earth remote sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11202375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T03:54:13Z","timestamp":1571025253000},"page":"2375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Using Neural Network to Identify the Severity of Wheat Fusarium Head Blight in the Field Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis &amp; Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3699-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoyong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis &amp; Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Institute of Energy, Jinzhong 030600, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis &amp; Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis &amp; Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis &amp; Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis &amp; Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of Fusarium and Deoxynivalenol Using Optical Methods","volume":"10","author":"Saccon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Plant Diseases, Pests and Food Security","volume":"35","author":"Mcbeath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Springer Neth."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miroslava, C.C., Wang, L., Lily, F., Kerry, B., Nadine, M., Lan, B., and Pierre, R.F. 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