{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:46:26Z","timestamp":1782575186603,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[41671332]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[41671332]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[2016YFA0600103] and [2016YFB0501404]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2016YFA0600103] and [2016YFB0501404]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is an important parameter for many environmental and ecological models. Large-scale and long-term FVC products are critical for various applications. Currently, several global-scale FVC products have been generated with remote sensing data, such as VGT bioGEOphysical product Version 2 (GEOV2), PROBA-V bioGEOphysical product Version 3 (GEOV3) and Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) FVC products. However, studies comparing and validating these global-scale FVC products are rare. Therefore, in this study, the performances of three global-scale time series FVC products, including the GEOV2, GEOV3, and GLASS FVC products, are investigated to assess their spatial and temporal consistencies. Furthermore, reference FVC data generated from high-spatial-resolution data are used to directly evaluate the accuracy of these FVC products. The results show that these three FVC products achieve general agreements in terms of spatiotemporal consistencies over most regions. In addition, the GLASS and GEOV2 FVC products have reliable spatial and temporal completeness, whereas the GEOV3 FVC product contains much missing data over high-latitude regions, especially during wintertime. Furthermore, the GEOV3 FVC product presents higher FVC values than GEOV2 and GLASS FVC products over the equator. The main differences between the GEOV2 and GLASS FVC products occur over deciduous forests, for which the GLASS product presents slightly higher FVC values than the GEOV2 product during wintertime. Finally, temporal profiles of the GEOV2 and GLASS FVC products show better consistency than the GEOV3 FVC product, and the GLASS FVC product presents more reliable accuracy (R2 = 0.7878, RMSE = 0.1212) compared with the GEOV2 (R2 = 0.5798, RMSE = 0.1921) and GEOV3 (R2 = 0.7744, RMSE = 0.2224) FVC products over these reference FVC data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11212524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T05:18:26Z","timestamp":1572499106000},"page":"2524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Spatiotemporal Comparison and Validation of Three Global-Scale Fractional Vegetation Cover Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Duanyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9531-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangqin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.02.030","article-title":"GEOV1: LAI, FAPAR essential climate variables and FCOVER global time series capitalizing over existing products. 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