{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T21:20:56Z","timestamp":1768684856494,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]],"date-time":"2019-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41874029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41874029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41674030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41674030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M601909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M601909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High precision positioning of UWB (ultra-wideband) in NLOS (non-line-of-sight) environment is one of the hot issues in the direction of indoor positioning. In this paper, a method of using a complementary Kalman filter (CKF) to fuse and filter UWB and IMU (inertial measurement unit) data and track the errors of variables such as position, speed, and direction is presented. Based on the uncertainty of magnetometer and acceleration, the noise covariance matrix of magnetometer and accelerometer is calculated dynamically, and then the weight of magnetometer data is set adaptively to correct the directional error of gyroscope. Based on the uncertainty of UWB distance observations, the covariance matrix of UWB measurement noise is calculated dynamically, and then the weight of UWB data observations is set adaptively to correct the position error. The position, velocity and direction errors are corrected by the fusion of UWB and IMU. The experimental results show that the algorithm can reduce the gyroscope deviation with magnetic noise and motion noise, so that the orientation estimates can be improved, as well as the positioning accuracy can be increased with UWB ranging noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T04:07:07Z","timestamp":1573531627000},"page":"2628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["An Adaptive UWB\/MEMS-IMU Complementary Kalman Filter for Indoor Location in NLOS Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6249-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT), Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT), Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (BUCEA), Beijing 102616, China"}]},{"given":"Jixian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Surveying and Mapping Products, Beijing 100830, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi5020008","article-title":"Integrated WiFi\/PDR\/Smartphone Using an Adaptive System Noise Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm for Indoor Localization","volume":"5","author":"Xin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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