{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:14:58Z","timestamp":1775790898787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61705253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61705253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41975039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41975039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The O2(a1\u0394g) emission near 1.27 \u03bcm provides an important means to remotely sense the thermal characteristics, dynamical features, and compositional structures of the upper atmosphere because of its photochemistry and spectroscopic properties. In this work, an emission\u2013absorption transfer model for limb measurements was developed to calculate the radiation and scattering spectral brightness by means of a line-by-line approach. The nonlocal thermal equilibrium (non-LTE) model was taken into account for accurate calculation of the O2(a1\u0394g) emission by incorporating the latest rate constants and spectral parameters. The spherical adding and doubling methods were used in the multiple scattering model. Representative emission and absorption line shapes of the      O 2  (  a 1   \u0394 g  ,  \u03c5 \u2032  = 0 ) \u2192  O 2  ( X  \u03a3 g 3  ,  \u03c5 \u2033  = 0 )     band and their spectral behavior varying with altitude were examined. The effects of solar zenith angle, surface albedo, and aerosol loading on the line shapes were also studied. This paper emphasizes the advantage of using infrared atmospheric band for remote sensing of the atmosphere from 20 up to 120 km, a significant region where the strongest coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere occurs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T11:18:48Z","timestamp":1574075928000},"page":"2702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Radiative Transfer Characteristics of the O2 Infrared Atmospheric Band in Limb-Viewing Geometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Weiwei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8019-6132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012423","article-title":"Simultaneous measurements of the O2(1\u2206) and O2(1\u03a3) airglows and ozone in the daytime mesosphere","volume":"28","author":"Mlynczak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophys. 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