{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:50:04Z","timestamp":1760241004574,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NASA New Frontiers Program","award":["NNL16AA05C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNL16AA05C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Earth-viewed images acquired by the space probe OSIRIS-REx during its Earth gravity assist flyby maneuver on 22 September 2017 provided an opportunity to radiometrically calibrate the onboard NavCam imagers. Spatially-, temporally-, and angularly-matched radiances from the Earth viewing GOES-15 and DSCOVR-EPIC imagers were used as references for deriving the calibration gain of the NavCam sensors. An optimized all-sky tropical ocean ray-matching (ATO-RM) calibration approach that accounts for the spectral band differences, navigation errors, and angular geometry differences between NavCam and the reference imagers is formulated in this paper. Prior to ray-matching, the GOES-15 and EPIC pixel level radiances were mapped into the NavCam field of view. The NavCam 1 ATO-RM gain is found to be 9.874 \u00d7 10\u22122 Wm\u22122sr\u22121\u00b5m\u22121DN\u22121 with an uncertainty of 3.7%. The ATO-RM approach predicted an offset of 164, which is close to the true space DN of 170. The pre-launch NavCam 1 and 2 gains were compared with the ATO-RM gain and were found to be within 2.1% and 2.8%, respectively, suggesting that sensor performance is stable in space. The ATO-RM calibration was found to be consistent within 3.9% over a factor of \u00b12 NavCam 2 exposure times. This approach can easily be adapted to inter-calibrate other space probe cameras given the current constellation of geostationary imagers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11222717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T11:30:17Z","timestamp":1574163017000},"page":"2717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Inter-Calibration of the OSIRIS-REx NavCams with Earth-Viewing Imagers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Doelling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Khlopenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Haney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Scarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Gopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-5950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dante S.","family":"Lauretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, August 26). \u201cOSIRIS-REx Factsheet\u201d (PDF). 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