{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:39:40Z","timestamp":1771299580552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTM2015-66225-C2-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2015-66225-C2-1-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTM2015-66225-C2-2-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2015-66225-C2-2-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTM2015-66225-C2-1-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2015-66225-C2-1-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTM2015-66225-C2-2-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2015-66225-C2-2-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093941-B-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093941-B-C31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093941-B-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093941-B-C32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093941-B-C33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093941-B-C33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093941-B-C31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093941-B-C31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093941-B-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093941-B-C32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093941-B-C33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093941-B-C33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new approach to infer the bathymetry from coastal video monitoring systems is presented. The methodology uses principal component analysis of the Hilbert transform of video images to obtain the components of the wave propagation field and their corresponding frequency and wavenumber. Incident and reflected constituents and subharmonics components are also found. Local water depth is then successfully estimated through wave dispersion relationship. The method is first applied to monochromatic and polychromatic synthetic wave trains propagated using linear wave theory over an alongshore uniform bathymetry in order to analyze the influence of different parameters on the results. To assess the ability of the approach to infer the bathymetry under more realistic conditions and to explore the influence of other parameters, nonlinear wave propagation is also performed using a fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type model over a complex bathymetry. In the synthetic cases, the relative root mean square error obtained in bathymetry recovery (for water depths      0.75      m \u2a7d h \u2a7d  8.0      m    ) ranges from \u223c1% to \u223c3% for infinitesimal-amplitude wave cases (monochromatic or polychromatic) to \u223c15% in the most complex case (nonlinear polychromatic waves). Finally, the new methodology is satisfactorily validated through a real field site video.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T11:06:03Z","timestamp":1574247963000},"page":"2722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["UBathy: A New Approach for Bathymetric Inversion from Video Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6420-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Simarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICM (CSIC), Passeig Mar\u00edtim de la Barceloneta 37\u201349, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5402-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Calvete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Catalonia BarcelonaTech, Jordi Girona 1\u20133, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pau","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Catalonia BarcelonaTech, Jordi Girona 1\u20133, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1016-8726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Orfila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Carrer Miquel Marqu\u00e9s 21, 07190 Esporles, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4701-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Ribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Catalonia BarcelonaTech, Jordi Girona 1\u20133, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2007.01.007","article-title":"The CoastView project: Developing video-derived Coastal State Indicators in support of coastal zone management","volume":"54","author":"Davidson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2007.01.004","article-title":"Application of remote sensing video systems to coastline management problems","volume":"54","author":"Kroon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvete, D., Coco, G., Falqu\u00e9s, A., and Dodd, N. (2007). (Un)predictability in rip channel systems. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34.","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL028162"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2016.11.011","article-title":"Modeling the long-term diffusion and feeding capability of a mega-nourishment","volume":"121","author":"Arriaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9453(1984)110:1(1)","article-title":"The crab: A unique nearshore surveying vehicle","volume":"110","author":"Birkemeier","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Surv. Eng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13782","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71013782","article-title":"Spatial prediction of coastal bathymetry based on multispectral satellite imagery and multibeam data","volume":"7","author":"Monteys","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313877","article-title":"Shallow-water imaging multibeam sonars: A new tool for investigating seafloor processes in the coastal zone and on the continental shelf","volume":"18","author":"Clarke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1117\/12.258353","article-title":"Design considerations for achieving high accuracy with the SHOALS bathymetric lidar system","volume":"2964","author":"Guenther","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2013.06.007","article-title":"Formation and migration of transverse bars along a tidal sandy coast deduced from multi-temporal Lidar datasets","volume":"342","author":"Levoy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0547","article-title":"Determination of water depth with high-resolution satellite imagery over variable bottom types","volume":"48","author":"Stumpf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22015","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JC000124","article-title":"Estimation of wave phase speed and nearshore bathymetry from video imagery","volume":"105","author":"Stockdon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrc.20199","article-title":"CBathy: A robust algorithm for estimating nearshore bathymetry","volume":"118","author":"Holman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3839(99)00041-1","article-title":"Shallow water bathymetry derived from an analysis of X-band marine radar images of waves","volume":"37","author":"Bell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2004)021<1291:IOMRIF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Inversion of marine radar images for surface wave analysis","volume":"21","author":"Borge","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-121211-172408","article-title":"Remote sensing of the nearshore","volume":"5","author":"Holman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1109\/48.557542","article-title":"Practical use of video imagery in nearshore oceanographic field studies","volume":"22","author":"Holland","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2007.01.003","article-title":"The history and technical capabilities of Argus","volume":"54","author":"Holman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.2025","article-title":"An open source, low cost video-based coastal monitoring system","volume":"35","author":"Nieto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.2112\/03-0071.1","article-title":"Shoreline definition and detection: A review","volume":"21","author":"Boak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2015.03.002","article-title":"On the use of variance images for runup and shoreline detection","volume":"99","author":"Simarro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-3227(97)00019-4","article-title":"Intertidal beach profile estimation using video images","volume":"140","author":"Plant","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3839(03)00064-4","article-title":"A video-based technique for mapping intertidal beach bathymetry","volume":"49","author":"Aarninkhof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2004.04.017","article-title":"Quantification of nearshore morphology based on video imaging","volume":"208","author":"Alexander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2008.05.008","article-title":"Video observations of beach cusp morphodynamics","volume":"254","author":"Almar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2008.03.010","article-title":"Shoreline dynamics and beach rotation of artificial embayed beaches","volume":"253","author":"Ojeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-18-3211-2018","article-title":"Numerical and remote techniques for operational beach management under storm group forcing","volume":"18","author":"Orfila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2008.04.011","article-title":"Beach Wizard: Nearshore bathymetry estimation through assimilation of model computations and remote observations","volume":"55","author":"Plant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JC002791","article-title":"Nearshore subtidal bathymetry from time-exposure video images","volume":"110","author":"Aarninkhof","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Ocean."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2016.02.001","article-title":"Video-based nearshore bathymetry estimation in macro-tidal environments","volume":"374","author":"Bergsma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2619481","article-title":"Accuracy of Nearshore Bathymetry Inverted from X-Band Radar and Optical Video Data","volume":"55","author":"Rutten","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3662552","article-title":"A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems","volume":"82","author":"Kalman","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Fluids Eng. Trans. ASME"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2018.01.003","article-title":"Evaluation of video-based linear depth inversion performance and applications using altimeters and hydrographic surveys in a wide range of environmental conditions","volume":"136","author":"Brodie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1990)020<1628:DPSWCE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Detecting Propagating Signals with Complex Empirical Orthogonal Functions: A Cautionary Note","volume":"20","author":"Merrifield","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Phys. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-16-00022.1","article-title":"ULISES: An open source code for extrinsic calibrations and planview generations in coastal video monitoring systems","volume":"33","author":"Simarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Svendsen, I.A. (2017). Introduction to Nearshore Hydrodynamics, World Scientific."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocemod.2011.12.004","article-title":"A high-order adaptive time-stepping TVD solver for Boussinesq modeling of breaking waves and coastal inundation","volume":"43\u201344","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2018, July 25). Coastal-Imaging-Research-Network\/cBathy-Toolbox. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/Coastal-Imaging-Research-Network\/cBathy-Toolbox."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/23\/2722\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:35:53Z","timestamp":1760189753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/11\/23\/2722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs11232722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs11232722","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]]}}}