{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:51:06Z","timestamp":1760241066465,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MINECO\/FEDER","award":["ESP2015-70014-C2-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESP2015-70014-C2-2-R"]}]},{"name":"MCIU\/AEI\/FEDER, UE","award":["RTI2018-099008-B-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099008-B-C22"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFQ\/3-12747\/09\/NL\/JD-CCN5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFQ\/3-12747\/09\/NL\/JD-CCN5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we present experimental results on the interferometric radio occultation (iRO) signal processing techniques, and compare the performance to the closed-loop and open-loop processing used in conventional radio occultation measurements. We also discuss the effects of antenna beam width to mitigate inter-satellite interferences, as well as how the local oscillator stability affects the obtained Doppler estimates. The required signal processing resources are less stringent for the iRO than for conventional RO techniques. In addition, the zenith iRO has a comparable performance to the well-established RO techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11232758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"2758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experimental Validation of GNSS Interferometric Radio Occultation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serni","family":"Rib\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8908-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estel","family":"Cardellach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8100-1520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran","family":"Fabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2058-3779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Padull\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5947-2649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Rius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Mart\u00edn-Neira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Space and Technology Center, European Space Agency, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, S., Cardellach, E., and Xie, F. 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